Multiple raters of disruptive child behavior: Using a genetic strategy to examine shared views and bias |
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Authors: | Emily Simonoff Andrew Pickles John Hewitt Judy Silberg Michael Rutter Rolf Loeber Joanne Meyer Michael Neale Lindon Eaves |
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Institution: | (1) MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AZ London, England;(2) Institute of Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado, 80302 Boulder, Colorado;(3) Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia;(4) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
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Abstract: | Most research on child behavior incorporates information from different individuals. While agreement between informants is generally only modest, there is little understanding of the processes underlying disagreement. In twin studies, differential agreement among raters for MZ and DZ twins is of particular concern. The processes underlying differences among mother, father, and child ratings of oppositional and conduct disorder symptoms are explored. Evidence in favor of a shared parental view of behavior is presented. Parental ratings give higher intrapair correlations, which could be due to either parents rating their twins more similarly or twins contrasting themselves. Rater bias and situational specificity are among the possible explanations of differential ratings. The effects of incorporating multiple raters of behavior on estimates of genetic and environmental effects are explored. These suggest that genetic influences are greater for the shared (multiple-rater) phenotype than for individual ratings; reduction in measurement error is only a partial explanation. |
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Keywords: | Twins rater bias child behavior problems parental ratings conduct disorder heritability |
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