糖尿病黄斑水肿患病率调查及相关因素分析

目的 调查糖尿病黄斑水肿（DME）患病率，并分析其相关因素。方法 对450例糖尿病患者进行病史收集和检查，确立糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和DME诊断并进行DR分期和DME分型，分析DME患病率相关因素及不同类型DME与DR分期的关系。结果 450例糖尿病患者中，确诊DR患者168例，DME患者73例（患病率16.22%）。1型和2型糖尿病患者DME患病率分别为8.16%和17.21%，1型和2型糖尿病病程≥10年的患者DME患病率分别为15.39%和27.03%。局限型、弥漫型、缺血型和增生型DME在糖尿病患者中的患病率分别为7.56%、5.56%、0.44%和2.44%。Logistic逐步回归分析显示，糖尿病病程和DR分期是与DME患病率相关的独立因素，DR分期是与各型DME患病率相关的共同的独立因素。结论 随着糖尿病病程和DR病变程度的增加，DME患病率增加；DR病变程度与不同类型DME的患病率相关。

Prevalence of diabetic macular edema and its related factors

Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME), and analyse its related factors. Methods The clinical data were collected, and related examinations were conducted in 450 patients with diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and DME was made, and the staging of DR and typing of DME were performed. The related factors of DME were analysed, and the relationship between different types of DME and DR stages was explored. Results Among the 450 patients with diabetes mellitus, 168 were diagnosed as DR, and 73 (16.22%) were confirmed as DME. The prevalences of DME in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus were 8.16% and 17.21% respectively. For patients with no less than 10 years in disease duration, the prevalences of DME were 15.39% and 27.03% respectively in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalences of focal, diffuse, ischemic and proliferative DME in patients with diabetes mellitus were 7.56%, 5.56%, 0.44% and 2.44% respectively. Logistic stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that disease duration of diabetes mellitus and DR staging were independent related factors of prevalence of DME, and DR staging was a common independent related factor of prevalences of different types of DME. Conclusion The prevalence of DME increases with the disease duration of diabetes mellitus and severity of DR, and the severity of DR is related to the prevalences of different types of DME.