Virus genotype 1b and long-term response to interferon alpha monotherapy in children with chronic hepatitis C

Interferon alpha (IFN-) remains the basic modality in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children, but the effects of therapy are still unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters linked to IFN- response within a 2-year period. Human C virus (HCV) infected children (n=34) were subdivided into IFN-treated (n=20) and IFN-untreated (n=14 control) groups. The IFN-treated group received a dosage 3 MU of IFN- three times a week for 24 weeks. Liver biopsy was performed in all IFN-treated children and the HCV genotype was determined before the start of the study. Patients were sequentially screened for alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and tested for the presence of HCV-RNA in serum. All patients had either mild persistent or moderate active hepatitis, which was diagnosed from the liver biopsy. In the IFN-treated group ALT normalisation was observed by the end of treatment in 9/20 patients, but after 6 months 10 patients (50%) had sustained ALT normalisation and in 4 of them the virus was eliminated. They continued to show these features up to the end of the observation period (2 years). Eighteen out of 24 children tested had 1b genotype of virus. Out of 10 responders, all patients who were clear of HCV had the 1b genotype. The median age of responders (6.0, range 3.8–16) was significantly lower than non-responders (14.0, range 4–15) In the control group none of the children were clear of HCV-RNA. Conclusion: The negative predictive effect of HCV genotype 1b in the course of IFN- treatment may be not valid in children and other features have to be taken into account in the assessment of the efficacy of therapy.Abbreviations HCV human C virus - RNA ribonucleic acid - PCR polymerase chain reaction - ALT alanine aminotransferase - RBC red blood cells - HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen - ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay - CMV cytomegaly virus - IFN interferon - MU mega units - ETR end of treatment response - SR ALT sustained biochemical (ALT) response - HAI histological activity index - R responders - NR non-responders - U/l units per litter - CPH chronic persistent hepatitis - CAH chronic active hepatitis - APC antigen presenting cells - MHC major histocompatibility complex - ALL acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - CML chronic myelogenous leukaemia