清以前医籍对先天体质构成要素的研究

目的：探讨清朝以前医籍中先天体质的内涵。方法：以《中华医典》光盘为检索对象,以“禀”为关键字检索,共检索出6 480篇,逐篇阅读后,筛选出清代以前具体论述先天体质的文献,提炼出9个用来表述先天体质的词汇,共获得有效条目1 041条,涉及医籍165部。结果：淤先天体质受父母遗传和地域因素影响。于在父母遗传因素中,分为父母双方的影响与母亲孕期的影响。其中父母双方的影响包括父母的生活习惯、同房情况,而母亲怀孕情况包括孕期的生活习惯与用药。盂先天体质具体体现有：机体的生长发育、体型与脏腑、气血、脉象与指纹、精神状态及寿命等。在机体气血、形体结构以及寿命长短这3个方面中,先天禀赋的气血强弱又决定着形体与寿命情况。结论：淤清以前医家已能通过观察小儿的生长发育速度、外形、神态、脏腑功能的强弱、神智的清浊、指纹、脉象与易患疾病类型等方面,判断先天体质的强弱,故形体结构是判断先天体质的重要依据。于清以前医家重视母亲对后代体质的影响。

Study on Congenital Constitution Components in Medical Books before Qing Dynasty

This study was aimed to discuss the connotation of congenital constitution in medical books before Qing dynasty. By searching the character "Bing" as a keyword in the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), 6 480 articles were retrieved. Through reading each of the articles, 9 congenital constitution terms were concluded. A total of 1 041 valid entries involved in 165 medical books were retrieved. The results showed that congenital constitution was affected by parent heredity and region factors. Parent heredity factor includes the influence of both parents and the influence of mother during pregnancy where the influence of both parents includes both parents' habits and conditions when having sex; the influence from the mother includes habits and medication during her pregnancy. Congenital constitution embodiment includes the body's growth and development, body structure and viscera, qi and blood, pulse and forefinger blood vessels (of young children), mental state and life span. In three other factors of congenital constitution (i.e. qi and blood, body structure and life span), both body structure and life span depend on the endowment of qi and blood. It was concluded that TCM practitioners before Qing dynasty judged one's congenital constitution through observing the speed of its growth and development, appearance, mental state, strength of visceral functions, condition of its mind, forefinger blood vessels, pulse, susceptible to types of disease and etc. Therefore, body structure is an important factor of congenital constitution judgment. TCM practitioners before Qing dynasty paid attention to the effect on mother to her offspring's health.