膜周部室间隔缺损封堵术后Amplatzer封堵器塑形变化对近期疗效的影响

目的探讨膜周部室间隔缺损(perimembranous ventricular septal defect ,PMVSD)封堵术后Amplatzer封堵器(amplatzer asymmetric ventricular septal defect occluder ,AAVSDO)塑形变化对近期疗效的影响.方法共23例PMVSD患者接受Amplatzer封堵术,其中男10例,女13例.所有患者于术后即刻、72 h、6个月和1年行经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography examination ,TTE)及相同投照体位X线检查.TTE于左室长轴切面测定封堵器左侧盘上缘至主动脉瓣间距(L1).所采集的X线影像经计算机分析系统测量封堵器双盘上缘间距(L2)、下缘间距(L3)、封堵器厚度(L4)、封堵器双盘的直径(D1、D2)和封堵器双盘间夹角(α),以评价近期封堵疗效及可能产生的影响.结果 23例完成术后72 h及6个月随访,12例完成1年随访.术后6个月时L2、L4、α较术后72 h缩小而D1、D2增加(均P＜0.05),提示封堵器厚度变薄、剖面径(profile)减小;术后1年α较术后6个月进一步减小(P<0.05),封堵器双盘更接近平行,而其余指标的差异无显著意义(均P>0.05).L4与封堵器直径(r分别为0.47、0.33、0.39)和α(r分别为0.47、0.53、0.49)呈弱正相关,与D1(r分别为-0.27、-0.45、-0.29)呈弱的负相关.结论 Amplatzer封堵器置入患者体内后,封堵器厚度及剖面径随置入时间推移而逐渐减小,这种塑形变化于术后6个月最为显著,1年时达到稳定.近期随访显示这种变化是安全的,有利于提高完全封堵率.

The morphologic changes of Amplatzer asymmetric ventricular septal defect occluder after transcatheter closure of perimembrane ventricular septal defect

OBJECTIVE: Catheter closure of perimembrane ventricular septal defect (PMVSD) using the Amplatzer asymmetric ventricular septal defect occluder (AAVSDO) is a potential alternative for open surgical repair. However, the profile of the device obtained after closure probably continues to change some concerns regarding its safety. This study was designed to evaluate the morphologic changes of AAVSDO by transthoracic echocardiography examination (TTE) and X-ray examination after transcatheter closure of PMVSD. METHODS: A total of 23 patients, aged 2.5 - 47.0 years, with PMVSDs underwent transcatheter closure with the AAVSDO. Each patient underwent TTE and X-ray examination with same radiography system immediately, 72 hours, 6 months and 1 year after the transcatheter closure procedures, respectively. Seven parameters were measured by TTE and X-ray to evaluate the morphologic changes of AAVSDO: the distance between superior edge of left disk of AAVSDO and aortic valve (L(1)), the distance between superior extremity edge of two disks of the occluder (L(2)), the distance between inferior extremity edge of two disks of the occluder (L(3)), the distance between two marks on the left and right disks (L(4)), the diameter of left disk (D(1)), the diameter of left disk (D(2)), and the degree of angle between left and right disks (alpha). In the meantime, the influences of occluder's morphologic changes were evaluated by TTE. RESULTS: The PMVSD diameter ranged from (8.53 +/- 4.82) mm (3.91 - 17.0 mm). The device diameter ranged from 6 - 18 (10.34 +/- 7.16) mm. AAVSDO was performed successfully in all the 23 patients who underwent immediately, 72 hours and 6 months follow-up after catheter closure, and 12 patients accomplished 1-year follow-up. L(2), L(4) and alpha were shorter at 6-months than 72-hours after procedures, but D(1) and D(2) were greater at 6-months than 72-hours after procedures in all patients. Alpha was decreased further 1 year after the procedure, but other parameters did not change significantly compared with those at 6-months after procedures. The lower profile and smaller thickness of AAVSDO were observed in the follow-up. Meanwhile, D(1) and D(2) changed significantly during the follow-up. L(4) had a weak positive correlation with device size (r = 0.47, 0.33 and 0.39, respectively) and with alpha (r = 0.47, 0.53 and 0.49, respectively), and had weak negative correlation with D1 (r = -0.27, -0.45 and -0.29, respectively). After deployment of the prosthesis there was no residual shunt in 20 of 23 patients (87%). There was a trivial residual shunt that disappeared at the six month follow up in two patients, and a small residual shunt that disappeared at the one year follow up in one patient. The morphologic changes of AAVSDO did not influence the structure near PMVSD. CONCLUSION: The morphologic changes of Amplatzer occluder were observed in the follow-up. The change of the occluder was safe and beneficial to improve short-term curative effect.