洛阳市涧西区1995-2004年恶性肿瘤发病趋势分析

目的:了解洛阳市涧西区1995-2004年10年间新发恶性肿瘤在人群中的分布及发病趋势,为制订相应的预防和控制措施提供科学依据。方法:采用主动监测与被动监测相结合的方法收集恶性肿瘤原始资料,用X2检验和线性回归分析等方法对恶性肿瘤在人群中的分布及发病趋势进行统计分析。结果:①1995-2004年10年间,洛阳市涧西区共收集到新发恶性肿瘤32种5193例,总发病率138.89/10万,前六位依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌、肠癌、食管癌,占总发病数的65.78%;②最大发病年龄92岁、最小9月龄,从30岁开始,恶性肿瘤发病率随着年龄增大而升高,70岁年龄组达到高峰,80岁以后逐渐下降;③在5193例新发恶性肿瘤中,男性发病2998例,发病率154.60/10万,女性发病2195例,发病率121.97/10万,男性发病率明显高于女性(x2=71.03、p<0.01),除乳腺癌外,其他恶性肿瘤均为男性高于女性,其中肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌有统计学意义,肠癌无显著性差异。④六种主要恶性肿瘤中,肝癌、肠癌和乳腺癌发病率呈上升趋势,其中肠癌有统计学意义;肺癌、胃癌和食管癌发病率呈下降趋势,其中食管癌有统计学意义。结论:①涧西区新发恶性肿瘤发病率与WHO报道的发展中国家发病率相近;②恶性肿瘤高年龄组发病比例增高与人口老龄化和平均寿命延长密切相关;③涧西区主要恶性肿瘤发病趋势与相关报道一致,其中肺癌发病率下降与1996-2002年开展的健康促进项目和全民环保意识增强、空气环境质量改善有一定关系;④现实生活中,男性公民应更加注意身体保健,改变不良生活方式,尽量避开有害致癌物质的接触,合理膳食;⑤在肿瘤防治工作中,应加强肿瘤高发现场的综合性干预研究。

Analysis of Incidence Trend of Cancer in Jianxi District of Luoyang from 1995 to 2004

Objective: To analyze the distribution and incidence trend of cancer in Jianxi District of Luyang from the year of 1995 to 2004 so as to provide the scientific basis for the making of preventive and control measures. Methods: To make a statistical analysis of the distribution and incidence rate of cancer by X~2 test and linear regression according to source material of cancer collected by passive and active surveillance. Results: 5,193 cases of 32different kinds of cancer were collected, and the total incidence rate was 138.89/100000. The first six types were lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, intestinal, and esophagus cancer, which made up 65.78% of the total. ②The oldest patient was 92 years old while the youngest only 9 months old. The incidence rate rose with the increase of age from the age of 30, reached the highest in the 70-year-old group, and dropped after 80. ③The cases of male and female were 2,998 and 2,195 and the incidence rates were 154.60/100000 and 121.97/100000 respectively. The incidence rate of male was significantly higher than that of female (X~2 =71.03, P<0.01 ) With the exception of breast cancer, the incidence rate of male was higher than female and there was statistical significance in lung, stomach, liver, esophagus cancer, and no significant difference in intestinal cancer. ④ The incidence rates of liver, intestinal and breast cancer were on the rise among the six main cancers, and there was statistical significance in intestinal cancer. The incidence rates of lung stomach and esophagus cancer were dropping and there was statistical significance in esophagus cancer. Conclusion: The incidence rate of cancer in Jianxi District of Luoyang is similar to that of the developing countries reported by WHO. ②High incidence rate of cancer in old-aged group is closely related to the increase of average life span, and the aging of t population. ③The incidence trend of the main cancers in Jianxi District are identical to the relevant reports,. The decline of lung cancer incidence has something to do with the awareness of environmental protection and the health promotion projects to enhance and improve the air quality of the environment from 1996 to 2002. ④In the real life the male should pay more attention to health care, reasonable diet, life style and avoid contact with cancerogenic material. In preventing and controlling cancer, we should strengthen comprehensive intervention studies in the place of high cancer incidence.