人工全膝关节置换术后深部感染的治疗

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后深部感染的处理方法及疗效。方法2004年1月-2010年1月,收治TKA术后深部感染患者32例(32膝)。男13例,女19例;年龄52～79岁,平均64.6岁。TKA手术距发生感染时间为3周～10年。膝关节功能采用膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)为(104.6±9.1)分,疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(7.8±1.4)分。急性感染3例行关节切开清创后持续冲洗;急性血源性播散感染3例于关节镜下清创;慢性感染26例,其中行关节切开清创后持续冲洗9例,抗生素骨水泥隔体植入4例,二期翻修12例,抗生素保守治疗1例。结果急性感染者治疗均失败,急性血源性播散感染者1例治疗失败,慢性感染者7例清创及1例保守治疗失败;均经对症治疗后治愈。32例患者均获随访,随访时间2～8年,平均4.6年。末次随访时KSS评分为(158.4±8.3)分,VAS评分为(4.1±0.8)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间再感染3例,均为二期翻修患者。结论TKA术后耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌急性感染切开清创成功率低;急性血源性播散感染可试行关节镜下清创;慢性感染二期翻修膝关节功能恢复良好,但远期存在再感染风险。

MANAGEMENT OF DEEP INFECTION AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Objective To evaluate the clinical treatment methods of deep infection after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its effectiveness. Methods Between January 2004 and January 2010, 32 cases (32 knees) of deep infection after TKA were treated, including 13 males and 19 females with an average age of 64.6 years (range, 52-79 years). The time from primary TKA to infection was 3 weeks to 10 years. The preoperative knee society score (KSS) was 104.6 ± 9.1, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score was 7.8 ± 1.4. Open debridement and continuous irrigation were perfomed in 3 cases of acute infection, arthroscopic debridement and irrigation in 3 cases of acute haematogenous infection; in 26 cases of chronic deep infection, 9 cases underwent open debridement, 4 cases underwent antibiotics impregnated bone cement spacer, 12 cases received two-stage revision, and 1 case underwent conservative treatment by intravenous antibiotics. Results All cases of acute infection failed to control deep infection; 1 case of acute haematogenous infection failed to treat; 7 cases of chronic infection undergoing debridement and 1 case of conservative treatment failed to treat; and all the failure cases were cured after symptomatic treatment. Thirty-two cases were followed up 2-8 years (mean, 4.6 years). At last follow-up, the KSS score and VAS score were 158.4 ± 8.3 and 4.1 ± 0.8, respectively, all showing significant differences when compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.05). Re-infection occurred in 3 patients who received two-stage revision during follow-up. Conclusion In patients with acute infection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after TKA, open debridement and liner change have low success rate; arthroscopic debridement can be performed to control acute haematogenous infection; and two-stage revision is an effective method to control chronic infection and restore the knee function, but two-stage revision has a potential risk of re-infection.