保留股骨颈型人工全髋关节置换的中期疗效

目的探讨保留股骨颈(collum femoris preserving,CFP)型人工全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的中期疗效。方法 2004年1月-2007年2月,对45例髋关节疾病患者行CFP型THA。男29例(31髋),女16例(17髋);年龄38～60岁,平均48.8岁。左侧20髋,右侧22髋,双侧3髋。其中骨关节炎20例,股骨头缺血性坏死13例,髋关节发育不良致创伤性关节炎4例,类风湿性关节炎3例,髋臼骨折后创伤性关节炎2例,强直性脊柱炎患者2例,Perths病1例。病程2～13年,平均6.1年。手术前后摄X线片,行Harris评分及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),测量关节活动度;术后评估患者步态,应用SF-36简明健康状况调查量表对患者生活质量进行评估。结果 45例均获随访,随访时间5～8年,平均6.4年。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、髋关节脱位、神经损伤及深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。6例(13.3%)患者术中发生假体远端股骨外侧皮质劈裂骨折,未作特殊处理,均于术后8个月骨折愈合。4例(8.9%)患者出现轻度异位骨化,无特殊不适;5例(11.1%)发生股骨近端骨密度降低。末次随访时臼杯和假体柄生存率均为100%。术后1年及末次随访时髋关节Harris评分、VAS评分、关节活动度均显著优于术前(P<0.05);术后1年与末次随访时比较除Harris评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其余各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时Harris功能评价获优31髋、良11髋、中6髋,优良率达87.5%。末次随访时SF-36评分结果除了生理职能、躯体疼痛和总体健康得分较四川省城市男性的参考值低(P<0.05)外,其余各项得分与参考值比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CFP型THA中期疗效满意,是股骨颈完整、无骨质疏松年轻患者行THA的一种良好选择。

MID-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY WITH COLLUM FEMORIS PRESERVING PROSTHESIS

Objective To discuss the clinical application of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with collum femoris preserving (CFP) prosthesis and to analyze the mid-term effectiveness. Methods Between January 2004 and February 2007, 45 patients (48 hips) underwent THA with CFP prosthesis. There were 29 males (31 hips) and 16 females (17 hips) with an average age of 48.8 years (range, 38-60 years), including 20 left hips, 22 right hips, and 3 bilateral hips. The causes of hip replacement were osteoarthritis (20 cases), avascular necrosis of femoral head (13 cases), dysplasia (4 cases), rheumatoid arthritis (3 cases), post-traumatic osteoarthritis (2 cases), ankylosing spondylitis (2 cases), and Perths disease (1 case). The average disease duration was 6.1 years (range, 2-13 years). Harris scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and the hip range of motion (ROM) were recorded at pre- and post-operation. The X-ray films were taken at pre- and post-operation to observe the position, loosening of the prosthesis, and ectopic ossification. The gait of patients were also evaluated during follow-up. Short-form 36 health survey scale (SF-36) was used to evaluate the life quality of patients. Results All 45 patients were followed up 5-8 years with an average of 6.4 years. All the incisions healed by first intention. No infection, hip dislocation, nerve injury, or deep vein thrombosis occurred. Six cleavage fractures (13.3%) of the lateral femoral diaphysis at the distal prosthesis occurred during operation, which healed at 8 months postoperatively without any treatment. Mild ectopic ossification occurred in 4 patients (8.9%) who had no discomfort. Five patients (11.1%) had bone mineral density loss in the region of the proximal femur. The survival rates of the cups and stems were all 100% at last follow-up. The results of Harris score, VAS score, and ROM of the hip joint at 1 year postoperatively and last follow-up were significantly better than preoperative ones (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in VAS score and ROM of the hip joint between at 1 year postoperatively and at last follow-up (P > 0.05) except the Harris score (P < 0.05). According to Harris functional assessment at last follow-up, the results were excellent in 31 hips, good in 11 hips, and fair in 6 hips with an excellent and good rate of 87.5%. The physiological role, body pain, and total health scores were significantly lower than the reference value of urban men from Sichuan province (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the other scores of the SF-36 when compared with the reference value (P > 0.05). Conclusion THA with CFP prosthesis is a good option for the young patient with complete collum femoris and without osteoporosis, and can achieve good mid-term effectiveness.