A highly sensitive bacterial assay for toxins based on swarming inhibition, and comparison with the cup plate assay based on growth inhibition |
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| Authors: | P Lenz R Süssmuth |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA-ARS, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA;2. North Atlantic Area, Office of the Area Director, US. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA;1. University Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Environmental and Soil Chemistry, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany;2. Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, P.O. Box 6, 50250, Israel;3. Al-Quds University for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jerusalem, P.O. Box 20002, Palestine;4. Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Gilat, Mobile Post Negev 85280, Israel;1. Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, MK43 0AL Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom;2. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | The motility inhibition of the swarming bacteria Proteus mirabilis and Azospirillum brasilense was found to be an appropriate parameter to indicate toxic effects caused by some mycotoxins, lactones and anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids. If these substances are in contact with the motile bacteria the following phenomena can be observed: at a certain toxin concentration the swarming of the bacteria is inhibited. If the concentration is increased the swarming ceases, and at still higher concentrations the bacteria are inactivated. In some instances swarming is stimulated at very low toxin doses. The sensitivity of this assay is comparable to the cup plate assay based on growth inhibition with Bacillus thuringiensis [Lenz, P. et al., Toxicology, 40 (1986) 199, Boutibonnes et al., Pharmacology, 11 (1983) 430] and in some cases it is even higher. |
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