神经梅毒患者22例神经眼科表现分析

目的:分析神经梅毒患者神经眼科表现的临床特征.方法:采用回顾性、非随机对照病例分析方法.共分析神经梅毒患者22例39眼,其中男17例30眼,女5例9眼,年龄34~65(平均49.6)岁.描述并分析患者临床表现,包括视力、瞳孔、视神经、视网膜脉络膜改变以及与眼球运动相关的颅神经病变.并分析血清及脑脊液检验结果.结果:临床表现为视神经萎缩11例22眼,其中1例1眼伴左眼动眼神经麻痹;视神经炎急性期3例5眼,视神经视网膜炎4例6眼;伴有视盘水肿的脉络膜视网膜炎1例2眼;视网膜中央动脉阻塞1例1眼;仅表现为阿罗瞳孔2例3眼.在所有病例中,有阿罗瞳孔体征的共10例19眼.所有患者血清梅毒螺旋体抗原凝集试验(TPPA)检查均为阳性,21例行梅毒快速血浆反应素实验(RPR),19例阳性,2例阴性.所有患者均行腰椎穿刺,检测脑脊液RPR、脑脊液蛋白、白细胞计数,13例脑脊液RPR阳性,18例脑脊液蛋白大于450mg/L,13例脑脊液白细胞计数大于5个/mm3.结论:累及神经眼科的神经梅毒患者多发于中老年男性,亚急性起病,临床表现多样,多为双眼同时或相继发生的视神经疾患,少数可表现为视神经以外的其他颅神经麻痹,容易误诊而导致不能及时进行病因学治疗,造成视功能严重损害.综合病史、临床表现、眼科检查及血清、脑脊液等实验室检查可提高诊断率.

Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of neurosyphilis in 22 cases

AIM: To analyze the characteristics of neurological ophthalmology manifestation of patients with neurosyphilis.

METHODS: Retrospective and nonrandomized case analysis were used. Totally 22 cases of 39 eyes were included. They were 17 males and 5 females, aged from 34 to 65 years old. The average age were 49.6 years old.

RESULTS: The optic nerve atrophy presented in 11 cases of 22 eyes. One eye of them accompanied by left eye oculomotor nerve palsy; 5 eyes in 3 cases expressed as optic neuritis acute phase; neuroretinitis appeared in 4 cases of 6 eyes; 1 case of 2 eyes expressed as chorioretinitis accompanied by optic disc edema; central retinal artery occlusion were found in 1 case of 1 eye. Argyll-Robertson pupil was as only manifestation in 2 cases of 3 eyes. In all cases, Argyll-Robertson pupil signs can be seen in 19 eyes. Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test(TPPA)were positive in all 22 cases. Syphilis rapid plasma reactin test(RPR)were positive in 19 of 21 cases. All patients underwent lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid were detected for RPR, cerebrospinal fluid protein, white blood cell count. Cerebrospinal fluid RPR were positive in 13 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid protein were greater than 450mg/L in 18 cases. Cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count were greater than 5/mm³ in 13 cases.

CONCLUSION: Neurosyphilis involving neuro-ophthalmology often occurs in middle-aged men and subacute onset. Both eyes can suffered from optic nerve disease simultaneously or sequencely. A few can be expressed as other cranial nerve palsy, which may lead to misdiagnosis. Considering medical history, clinical manifestations, ophthalmic examination, serum and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory tests can improve the diagnostic rate.