院内感染的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解医院临床分离菌的耐药情况，从而控制医院感染。方法：2002年1～6月仁济医院分离菌用Kirby—Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果:分离菌株825株，其中革兰阳性菌399株(48．36％)，革兰阴性菌426株(51．64％)。检出率较高的革兰阴性菌对氦苄西林-舒巴坦、头孢唑啉的耐药率最高，而对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、亚胺培南的耐药率最低。金黄色葡萄球在菌种分布中占第一位，其对万古霉素、利福平和奈替米星耐药率为0，而对青霉素类、头孢类药物的耐药率较高。粪肠球菌的分离率位届第二，未出现对万古霉素耐药者，但对环阳沙星、红霉素，庆大霉素的耐药率相对较高。结论：为控制细菌的耐药性，必须加强抗菌药物的合理使用。

Study on Pathogen Distribution and Antibacterial Resistance of Nosocomial Infection

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infectious pathogens in order to control the nosocomial infection. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was tested by the Kirby - Bauer method in Renji hospital from January to June in 2002. Results Eight hundred and twenty five strains were isolated in our hospital, 51.64% being Gram-negative bacilli and 48.6% Gram-positive bacilli. The resistance rate to ampicillin-sulbactam, cefazolin was the highest, while cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem the lowest among the most common Gram - negative bacilli isolated. S. aureus was the most common pathogen in our hospital. Its resistance rate to vancomycin and rifampin was 0, and get was higher to penicillin and cephalosporins. E. fecalis was the second most common isolated pathogen which had no resistance to vancomycin, and the resistance rate to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and erythromycin was relatively high. Conclusion In order to control the antibacterial resistance of pathogens, appropriate use of antibiotics must be emphasized.