老年慢性肾脏病的常见病因及首发症状分析

目的探讨老年慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者常见病因及首发症状。方法回顾性收集415例老年CKD患者的病历资料,总结分析老年CKD患者的常见病因及首发症状。结果慢性肾小球肾炎仍为老年CKD的首位病因,糖尿病肾病、高血压肾病分别位于第2、3位,性别对老年CKD的病因无影响。CKD1～3期患者身体各系统出现症状较少,CKD 4～5期患者各系统均出现较明显的症状,其中食欲不振、恶心、乏力为各期的主要表现。结论老年CKD的病因仍以慢性肾小球肾炎为主,但糖尿病、高血压病所致肾脏损害所占比例快速上升。老年CKD各期患者的首发症状以食欲不振、恶心、乏力为主,而终末期肾病患者各个系统均出现症状。

Common Causes and the First Symptom of the Elderly Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Objective To investigate the common causes and the first symptom of the elderly patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods We collected the medical records of 415 cases of elderly CKD patients and retrospectively analyzed the common causes and the first symptom of the elderly CKD patients.Results Chronic glomerulonephritis was still the first cause for CKD with elderly patients,diabetic nephropathy,hypertensive nephropathy being the second and the third,and gender was not related.CKD 1~3 patients had less symptoms in the body system and more obvious symptoms appeared in all systems when CKD developed to 4~5,among which anorexia,nausea and fatigue were the main manifestation in each stage of CKD.Conclusion Chronic glomerulonephritis was still the main cause for elderly CKD patients,However,the proportion of kidney damages caused by diabetes and hypertension was increasing rapidly.The first symptom in each stage was mainly anorexia,nausea or fatigue.Symptoms could be found in every system in ESRD patients.