慢性乙型肝炎患者社区管理现状及其对策的定性研究

目的了解全科医生在社区管理慢性乙型肝炎(慢性乙肝)患者的现状及存在的问题,为国家制定慢性乙肝综合防治政策提供可参考依据。方法采用专题小组访谈的方法,对10名参与慢性乙肝患者社区管理工作的全科医生进行访谈。结果被访谈的10名全科医生均在社区卫生服务机构管理慢性乙肝患者两年,主要为慢性乙肝患者提供健康教育、咨询、随访、心理指导、实验室检查(主要是乙肝五项和部分肝功能检查)、转诊服务等。大部分全科医生(8/10)表示愿意继续在社区层面管理慢性乙肝患者。10名全科医生均表示在社区管理慢性乙肝患者主要存在患者的疾病隐私难以保护、社区卫生服务机构缺乏相应检查设备、缺乏治疗药物、全科医生缺乏相应知识与经验以及工作负担重的困难。9名全科医生认为研究制定的慢性乙肝社区管理规范合适,10名全科医生均认为慢性乙肝双向转诊标准是可行的。10名全科医生均对慢性乙肝社区管理现状提出了相应改进建议。结论被访谈的全科医生参与社区管理慢性乙肝患者的积极性较高,需要进一步完善慢性乙肝社区管理规范,国家应在政策支持力度上和长期管理的费用上给予慢性乙肝患者更多的支持。

Community Management of Chronic Hepatitis B:A Qualitative Study

Objective To explore the current status and problems of community management of chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods A two-hour focus group interview was conducted with ten general practitioners involved in community management of CHB. Results All the ten general practitioners had more than two years of experiences in CHB management,which mainly is comprised of health education,consultation,follow-up,psychological guidance,laboratory test(mainly hepatitis B and liver function tests),and referral services.Problems concerning community management of CHB included: endangered patient privacy,shortage of medical examination equipment and relevant medications,and general practitioners′ incompetence and heavy workload.Despite that,eight of them were willing to continue engaging in CHB management,and all had given advices on how to improve the management.The guidelines for community management of CHB and the two-way referral standard were considered suitable and feasible. Conclusion General practitioners are actively involved in community management of CHB.However,community management of CHB requires further optimization from the government and other stakeholders.