Why and when to refer patients for vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: A critical review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Clinical Neurophysiology Laboratory, Clinic B, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus;2. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland;1. Dept Clin Neurophysiology, Inst Neurosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden;2. Department of Orthodontics, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany;3. Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden;4. Dept of Neurology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA, USA;5. Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland;6. Dept Clin Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK;7. Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia;8. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA;9. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;10. Dept of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, USA;11. Dept of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan;12. Dept of Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;13. Department of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, Kempenhaeghe/Maastricht University Medical Center, Heeze, the Netherlands;1. Nicosia, Cyprus;2. Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, 3-8-3 Mizonokuchi, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Japan;3. Audiology 126, VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, TN 37684, USA;4. Prince of Wales Clinical School and Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs and oVEMPs respectively) are now used by an increasing number of laboratories to evaluate otolith inner ear function and their pathways through the central nervous system. However, the literature is incomplete or unclear as to what information both c- and oVEMPs can add beyond what a good clinical examination can provide, and what other paramedical tests can provide also, and the present review aims to clarify what is known so far. The following review will describe what is known with regards to both c- and oVEMPs and their use. MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed, years 1994–2018) was searched with the following string: (“vestibular evoked myogenic potentials” [all fields]). Only articles published in English were evaluated. Both c- and oVEMPs are useful not only for confirming the presence of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), but also for confirming the presence of acoustic neuromas when MRI is not available, bilateral vestibulopathies, inferior vestibular neuritis and vestibular dysfunction in inherited neuropathies. Further work is required, especially with respect to oVEMPs. The usefulness of both c- and oVEMPs goes beyond the confirmation of SSCDs, and is useful in many clinical cases. |
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| Keywords: | Saccule Utricle Vestibulo-ocular reflex Sacculo-collic reflex Otolith Clinical application |
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