Common Causes of Pain in Systemic Sclerosis: Frequency,Severity, and Relationship to Disease Status,Depression, and Quality of Life |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Rheumatology, Belgrade, Serbia;2. School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia;3. Neurology Outpatient Clinic Apostolski, Belgrade, Serbia;4. Center for Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia;1. Division of Specialist Nursing, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland;2. Pediatric Division, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka-Zdroj, Poland;1. Sapienza University, Rome, Italy;2. Campo Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy;3. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy;4. Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy;5. Dental Clinic, Rome, Italy;6. World Institute of Pain, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;7. National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy;11. Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy;12. AO S. Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy;8. District Health ASL/RM3, Rome, Italy;9. University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy;10. Antea Palliative Care Centre, Rome, Italy;71. Cristo Re Hospital, Rome, Italy;112. University of Perugia, Terni, Italy;1. Jane B. Pettit Pain and Headache Center, Children''s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;2. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;3. Pediatric Pain Management Center, Doernbecher Children''s Hospital/Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;4. Comprehensive Pain & Palliative Care Services, Nationwide Children''s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;5. Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;1. Pain Management Department, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA;2. HealthPartners Neuroscience Research Center, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA;3. HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA;1. School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, China;2. School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China |
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Abstract: | BackgroundIn routine clinical practice, healthcare professionals draw little attention to pain in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Pain has adverse effects on functional ability, social and emotional wellbeing.AimsThis study aims to assess the frequency and severity of different types of pain in patients with SSc, and the relationship of pain with disease status, depression and quality of life.DesignConsecutive patients with SSc were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with previously diagnosed painful diseases or conditions (other rheumatic diseases, angina pectoris, neurological disorders, etc.) were excluded.SettingsPatients, who visited our rheumatology outpatient clinic from February to November 2016, participated in this study.Participants/Subjects42 consecutive patients with SSc (38 women and 4 men), mean age 56.5 years, mean disease duration 9.5 years, were included.MethodsAll patients filled in a questionnaire, to indicate the presence or absence of some predefined pain syndromes. Disease status was assessed using the Scleroderma Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), symptoms of depression by the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), whilst the quality of life was evaluated using the EuroQol questionnaire.ResultsIt was found that 92.9% of SSc patients suffer from different types of pain, and 45.2% of patients have pain every day. Joint pain was the most common type of pain, present in 78.6% of patients, followed by pain associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon (69%), back pain (47.6%), headache (31%), chest pain (23.8%), odynophagia (21.4%) and painful digital ulcers (19%). Symptoms of neuropathic pain were noticed in 26.2% of patients. Severe joint pain, everyday pain and symptoms of neuropathic pain in SSc were associated with more severe disease and poorer quality of life. Pain related to Raynaud’s phenomenon, digital ulcers, odynophagia and joint pain were associated with significant symptoms of depression.ConclusionThe majority of patients with SSc suffer from different types of pain. Pain is associated with more severe disease, depression and poor quality of life. |
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