A New Functional Classification Based on Frailty and Disability Stratifies the Risk for Mortality Among Older Adults: The FRADEA Study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain;2. Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Madrid, Spain;3. Servicio de Geriatría, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;4. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain;5. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Idibell, Barcelona, Spain;6. Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitari de la Santa Creu de Vic, Spain;7. Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de la Santa. Creu i Sant. Pau, Barcelona, Spain;8. Hospital Universitario de la Cruz Roja, Madrid, Spain;9. Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain;10. Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain;11. Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Vic-Universidad Central de Cataluña, Vic, Spain;12. Fundación de Investigación Cardiovascular. ICCC-Institute de Investigación, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain;13. Universidad Europea, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain;14. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to investigate whether a new functional classification, based on basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living and frailty, is associated with mortality in older adults during 10 years of follow-up.DesignCohort study, with a follow-up of 10 years.Setting and participantsA total of 924 participants aged 70 and older from the Frailty and Dependence in Albacete (FRADEA) study, a population-based sample of Spanish older adults.MeasuresAt baseline, a new functional classification of 8 categories was constructed with limitations in BADL using the Barthel Index, limitations in IADL using the Lawton IADL Index, and the criteria of the frailty phenotype. Associations with 10-year mortality were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe risk of mortality gradually increased toward the less functionally independent end of the classification. The presence of mild, moderate, or severe BADL impairment was associated with mortality, in models adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity and institutionalization. The analyses also revealed that those who were BADL independent, IADL dependent and prefrail [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-4.20], and those who were BADL independent and frail (HR = 3.74, 95% CI = 1.88-7.42) had an increased risk of mortality.Conclusions/implicationsA new functional classification composed of BADL, IADL, and frailty representing the functional continuum is effective in stratifying the risk for mortality in older adults. Frailty is a high-mortality-risk state close to subjects with mild disability in BADL, needing an intensive specialized approach. Prefrailty with any impairment in IADL has an intermediate mortality risk and should be offered primary care interventions. |
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| Keywords: | Frail elderly disability older adults functional assessment mortality |
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