Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances,immune-related outcomes,and lung function in children from a Spanish birth cohort study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States;2. Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;3. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;4. School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;5. Epidemiology Department, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States;1. Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;2. Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9 West 9 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;3. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;1. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain;2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain;3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;4. Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain;5. Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;6. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria BIODONOSTIA, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;7. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;8. Institute for Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;1. Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North 12 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;2. Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;3. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama 1-21-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;4. Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;1. Guanghzou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;2. Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia;3. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia;4. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;5. Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPrenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with impaired immune and respiratory health during childhood but the evidence is inconsistent and limited for lung function. We studied the association between prenatal PFASs exposure and immune and respiratory health, including lung function, up to age 7 years in the Spanish INMA birth cohort study.MethodsWe assessed four PFASs in maternal plasma samples collected during the 1st trimester of pregnancy (years: 2003–2008): perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). Mothers reported the occurrence (yes/no) of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, asthma, and eczema in the previous 12 months at 1.5 and 4 years of the child (n = 1188) and at 7 years (n = 1071). At ages 4 (n = 503) and 7 (n = 992) years lung function was assessed using spirometry tests.ResultsThe most abundant PFASs were PFOS and PFOA (geometric means: 5.80 and 2.31 ng/mL, respectively). The relative risk of asthma during childhood per each doubling in PFNA concentration was 0.74 (95 CI%: 0.57, 0.96). The relative risk of eczema during childhood per every doubling in PFOS concentration was 0.86 (95 CI%: 0.75, 0.98). Higher PFOA concentrations were associated with lower forced vital capacity and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s z-scores at 4 years [β (95 CI %): −0.17 (−0.34, −0.01) and −0.13 (−0.29, 0.03), respectively], but not at 7 years.ConclusionThis longitudinal study suggests that different PFASs may affect the developing immune and respiratory systems differently. Prenatal exposure to PFNA and PFOS may be associated with reduced risk of respiratory and immune outcomes, particularly asthma and eczema whereas exposure to PFOA may be associated with reduced lung function in young children. These mixed results need to be replicated in follow-up studies at later ages. |
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| Keywords: | Perfluoroalkyl substances Immune response Respiratory diseases Birth cohort Spain Prenatal exposure delayed effects |
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