The influence of bowling velocity on movement variability in experienced older aged lawn bowlers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia;2. Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;3. Pantai Cancer Institute, Pantai Medical Centre, Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;4. Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;5. FRG Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;6. Fiber Optics and Photonics Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India;7. Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;8. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Australia;2. Human Performance Research Centre, Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia;3. School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia.d Centre for Athlete Development, Experience & Performance, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia;4. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium;5. Sport and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands;1. Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of CSE (School of Automation, Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China;2. School of Mathematics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;1. German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, Germany;2. MTB-news.de, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThis project examined the movement strategies adopted by highly experienced older aged lawn bowlers when performing Draw and Drive deliveries.DesignCross-sectional.MethodsTwenty five experienced (10.2 ± 7.8 years) older aged lawn bowlers (67.3 ± 7.0 years) who play lawn bowls at least once per week volunteered to participate in this study. Participants performed 10 Draw and Drive deliveries at a target positioned 23 m away while standing on two force platforms (600 Hz), while an infrared motion capture system (200 Hz) recorded phases times and both foot and bowl positioning. Normalised root mean square (NoRMS) analyses was used to assess the bowl path consistency during the delivery phase. Correlation analyses assessed for relationships between age and experience and the spatiotemporal variables, with paired t-tests and effect size (ES) analyses used to examine differences between delivery types.ResultsNone of the spatiotemporal or NoRMS data achieved more than low correlations with either age or playing experience (R2 < 0.2). Although bowl release velocities were significantly slower for the Draw 5.25 ± 0.72 m/s than for the Drive deliveries 6.40 ± 0.97 m/s (p < 0.001, ES = 1.96) there were limited changes in any of the spatiotemporal variables. NoRMS data remained largely unchanged between Draw (5.10 ± 1.65) and Drive (5.07 ± 1.49, p = 0.925, ES = 0.02) deliveries.ConclusionsThese highly experienced lawn bowlers are adapting their technique to the different task demands of the two delivery types without altering their specific movement strategies. |
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| Keywords: | Lawn bowls Biomechanics Functional movement variability Movement consistency Elderly |
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