Vascular and oxygenation responses of local ischemia and systemic hypoxia during arm cycling repeated sprints |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (EA 7424 LIBM Chambéry), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Campus Scientifique Technolac, France;1. Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain;2. Sport Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, Spain;1. Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Australia;2. Western Bulldogs Football Club, Australia;1. Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;2. Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia;3. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;4. Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;5. Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia;6. Department of Vascular Surgery, Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia;1. Insitute of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, Faculté de Médecine Laennec, Lyon 69008, France;4. Laboratoire d’Excellence (Labex) GR-Ex, Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acute vascular and oxygenation responses to repeated sprint exercise during arm cycling with either blood flow restriction (BFR) or systemic hypoxia alone or in combination.DesignThe study design was a single-blinded repeated-measures assessment of four conditions with two levels of normobaric hypoxia (400 m and 3800 m) and two levels of BFR (0% and 45% of total occlusion).MethodsSixteen active participants (eleven men and five women; mean ± SD; 26.4 ± 4.0 years old; 73.8 ± 9.8 kg; 1.79 ± 0.07 m) completed 5 sessions (1 familiarization, 4 conditions). During each test visit, participants performed a repeated sprint arm cycling test to exhaustion (10 s maximal sprints with 20 s recovery until exhaustion) to measure power output, metabolic equivalents, blood flow, as well as oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) of the biceps brachii muscle tissue.ResultsRepeated sprint performance was decreased with both BFR and systemic hypoxia conditions. Greater changes between minimum-maximum of sprints in total hemoglobin concentration (Δ[tHb]) were demonstrated with BFR (400 m, 45% and 3800 m, 45%) than without (400 m, 0% and 3800 m, 0%) (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, delta tissue saturation index (ΔTSI) decreased more with both BFR conditions than without (p < 0.001 for both). The absolute maximum TSI was progressively reduced with both BFR and systemic hypoxia (p < 0.001).ConclusionsBy combining high-intensity, repeated sprint exercise with BFR and/or systemic hypoxia, there is a robust stimulus detected by increased changes in blood perfusion placed on specific vascular mechanisms, which were more prominent in BFR conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Blood flow restriction Occlusion Perfusion Extraction Blood volume Altitude |
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