Alteration of glycosaminoglycans induced by cadmium in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells |
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Authors: | Toshiyuki Kaji Susumu Ohkawara Miho Inada Chika Yamamoto Michiko Sakamoto Hiroshi Kozuka |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-11, Japan , JP;(2) Section of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-01, Japan , JP |
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Abstract: | Alteration of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells after exposure to cadmium was investigated.
It was revealed that cadmium increased the accumulation of GAGs metabolically labeled with 3H]glucosamine but decreased that with 35S]sulfate in the cell fraction, the cell surface fraction and the medium fraction. This suggested that cadmium stimulated
the biosynthesis of GAGs but inhibited their sulfation in the cells. A similar alteration was observed in cadmium-treated
human aortic smooth muscle cell layer. Of tested cations including cadmium, bismuth, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, nickel
and zinc, only cadmium stimulated 3H]glucosamine incorporation, with a strong inhibition of the 35S]sulfate incorporation in the bovine cells. Characterization of bovine smooth muscle GAGs showed that the cadmium-induced
increase in the 3H]glucosamine incorporation was mainly observed in heparan sulfate; the inhibition of the 35S]sulfate incorporation occurred non-selectively. Cadmium accumulated in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent
manner with an increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase into the medium. The present data suggest that vascular smooth
muscle cells respond to the cytotoxicity of cadmium and promote the GAG synthesis with a reduction of their sulfation. It
is postulated that this response may be a defensive one to the damage of the vascular tissue caused by cadmium but would be
a component of the metal-induced atherosclerosis.
Received: 19 January 1994/Accepted: 5 May 1994 |
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Keywords: | : Cadmium – Glycosaminoglycans – Heparan sulfate – Vascular smooth muscle cells – Vascular |
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