某院2012-2013年婴幼儿腹泻1607例病原学分析

目的：了解2012年1月至2013年12月婴幼儿腹泻病原构成特点。方法收集2012年1月至2013年12月该院临床诊断为腹泻病的5岁以下患儿粪便标本进行常规细菌培养，筛查病原菌，同时，采用免疫层析双抗体夹心法（胶体金）检测轮状病毒、肠道腺病毒抗原，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测诺如病毒抗原。结果1607例患儿标本中轮状病毒阳性606例（37.71%），诺如病毒阳性220例（13.69%），肠道腺病毒阳性169例（10.52%），致病菌阳性82例（5.10%），同时，检出两种病原标本125例（7.78%）；轮状病毒感染高发于秋冬季节（60.67%，364/606），诺如病毒和肠道腺病毒感染无明显季节特征，细菌感染高峰为6-9月份（62.20%，51/82）。不同性别患儿病毒、细菌感染情况比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论1607例婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原为病毒，其中轮状病毒所占比例最高，诺如病毒及肠道腺病毒也占相当比例，细菌感染比例较低，各种病原有不同的流行特征，针对不同病原的流行分布特点开展病原学检测对婴幼儿腹泻的诊治及预防具有积极作用。

Pathogenic analysis of 1607 infants with diarrhea in a hospital during 2012-2013

Objective To understand the constitutional features of infantile diarrhea from January 2012 to December 2013. Methods Stool specimens of infantile diarrhea below 5 years old ,who were diagnosed in Guiyang Municipal Maternal and Child Care Center from January 2012 to December 2013,were collected with pathogenic bacteria screening,meanwhile,the im-munochromatography double clip art（colloidal gold） was adopted to detect rotavirus and intestinal glands virus antigen detection, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） method was used for detecting norovirus antigen. Results Among the 1 607 speci-mens,606 cases were with rotavirus positive（37.71%）,220 cases with norovirus positive（13.69%）,169 cases with intestinal ade novirus positive（10.52%） and 82 cases with pathogenic bacteria postive（5.10%） cases,meanwhile the detection results showed that 125 cases were with two kinds of pathogenic specimens （7.78%）. Rotavirus infection frequently occurred in autumn and winter （60.67%,364/606）,norovirus infection and intestinal infection adenovirus had no obviously seasonal characteristic ,and the bac terial infection peak in June to September（62.20%,51/82）. The viral and bacterial infections were not significant difference in gender（P〉0.05）. Conclusion The main pathogen of 1 607 infant diarrhea is virus, and the rotavirus is with the highest proportion, noroviruses and intestinal adenovirus also account for a proportion ,but the bacterial infection has low a lower proportion. Different pathogens have different characteristics,and pathogenic etiology examination aiming for different popular distribution characteris-tics has a positive role in treatment and prevention of diarrhea.