Endovascular stenting for atherosclerotic subclavian artery stenosis in patients with other craniocervical artery stenosis

Atherosclerotic subclavian artery stenosis (SAS) accompanied with other craniocervical artery stenosis (OCAS) is not uncommon in practice. We sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of endovascular stenting for SAS in patients with OCAS. Between January 2004 and February 2012, 71 consecutive atherosclerotic SAS patients who underwent primary stenting in our medical center were included. The enrolled patients were divided into combined-SAS group (n = 51) and solitary-SAS group (n = 20) depending on the presence or absence of OCAS. Data of demographics, procedure, and the followed-up were retrieved and analyzed. The technical success rate was 95.8 %; the clinical success rate was 90.1 %. There was no catheter-related major stroke or death. The immediate outcomes had no statistical difference between groups. During a mean of 27 ± 20 months (range 2–88 months) followed-up, 7(10.3 %) restenosis and 12(17.6 %) clinical events were identified. The primary patency rate was 95.3, 84.9 and 84.9 % at 12, 24 months, and final followed-up respectively, which had no statistical difference between groups (odds ratio (OR), 2.60; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.54–12.53; P = 0.232). The overall clinical event-free survival rate was 93.5, 86.2 and 54.6 %, respectively, where the result of combined-SAS group was inferior to that of the solitary-SAS group (OR, 3.34; 95 % CI, 1.02–11.00; P = 0.047). Endovascular stenting was safe and feasible for atherosclerotic SAS in patients with OCAS, although the combined OCAS may have a significant influence on the long-term outcome. Further studies are warrant to investigate the effects of revascularization for multiple craniocervical artery stenoses on the cerebral hemodynamics and long-term outcomes.