河南省全民食盐加碘前后出生的6～15岁儿童智力及精神运动功能调查分析

目的 调查分析全民食盐加碘后出生人群的IQ和精神运动功能.方法 2009年,在河南省选取水碘低于10 μg/L的历史重病区作为研究点,水碘在50～100μg/L的历史非病区作为对照点.以6～15岁儿童作为观察对象,采用整群抽样选取学生,用联合型瑞文测验(CRT-C2)进行智商测定,按联合型瑞文测验指导书的标准进行分析.采用"津医精神运动成套测验"(JPB),开展精神运动功能测定.结果 在病区共测定1514名学生,IQ均值为99.80,其中IQ≤69的有42人,占检查人数的2.77%.学生智商由1987年调查的74.23提高到99.80.在对照地区共测定2729学生,其中IQ≤69的有85人,占检查人数的3.11%;在病区,全民食盐加碘后出生儿童的T分数异常率和损伤指数异常率分别为3.6%(2/56)、5.3%(3/56),低于全民食盐加碘前出生儿童[18.1%(29/160)、18.1%(29/160),x2值分别为7.54、6.86,P均＜0.01].结论 证实食盐加碘对IQ和精神运动功能具有促进作用,说明全民食盐加碘对于提高全民素质和持续消除碘缺乏病具有重要意义.

Study of intelligence and psychomotor function in children aged 6 - 15 years and born pre and post universal salt iodization in Henan province in 2009

Objective Investigation and analysis of intelligence and psychomotor function in children born after implementingt universal salt iodization(USI). Methods Historical serious illness areas of water iodine below 10μg/L were selected as study sites, water iodine in 50 - 100 μg/L in the historical non-endemic areas were as control points in Henan, 2008. Cluster sampling was used to select children aged 6 - 15 years as observing subjects,IQ were measured with CRT- Man Test(CRT-C2). A "Tianjin Medical psychomotor test battery" (JPB) was carry out to test psychomotor function. Results In IDD regions 230 children were surveyed post-USI and 1284 children preUSI. The IQs post and pre USI were 99.3 and 99.9, respectively, and the proportion of IQ ≤69 were 2.17%(6/230) and 2.80%(36/1284), respectively. In non-IDD regions 650 children were surveyed post-USI and 2079children pre-USI. The IQs post and pre USI were 95.3 and 93.8, respectively, and the proportion of IQ ≤ 69 were 2.31%(15/650) and 3.37%(70/2079), respectively. In IDD regions, the abnormal rate of T scores and damage index post USI were 3.6%(2/56), 5.3%(3/56), respectively, significantly lower than pre USI [18.1%(29/160),18.1%(29/160), x2 = 7.54, 6.86, all P ＜ 0.01]. Conclusions USI could increase the IQs of children and decrease the positive rate of JPB, and significantly improve the quality of whole nation and persistently eliminating IDD.