沙眼衣原体基因分型方法研究进展

沙眼衣原体(CT)是导致性传播感染(STIs)的病原体之一.CT基因分型的目的在于了解衣原体的流行分布情况、分析性传播网络和致病机制.以主要外膜蛋白(MOMP)为基础的血清学分型是CT的传统分型方法.随着PCR和基因测序技术的出现,基于核苷酸多态性的基因分型技术成为目前的主流.其中基于omp1基因的限制性片段长度多态性分析(RFLP),可以对CT进行基因分型.而多位点序列分型(MLST)和多位点可变数目串联重复序列分型(MLVA)进一步提高了分型效率,并能提供更多的流行病学信息,但均不能检测混合感染(MIs).PCR杂交技术在检测MIs方面有独特优势.而全基因组测序、纳米技术、高分辨率基因分型等新技术的应用,为科研人员提供更多的细节信息与更快的检测速度.本文简要介绍了多种CT基因分型方法的特点及其应用.

Research progress in genotyping methods of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is one of the most common pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections(STIs).Genotyping of CT is important to understand the epidemiological distribution,transmission patterns in sexual networks and the pathophysiological mechanisms of chlamydial diseases.Traditionally,CT can be classified into different serotypes based on its major outer membrane protein(MOMP) epitopes.The development of PCR and sequencing have shifted the focus from MOMP serotypes to omp1 genotypes.CT can be classified into different genotypes by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).New high-resolution genotyping methods such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat assay (MLVA) are developed to enhance the efficiency of genotyping and provide more epidemiological information,but are not able to detect mixed infections (MIs).PCR-hybridisation method can differentiate MIs.However,new technologies such as whole genome sequencing,nanotechnology and high resolution genotyping can provide more detail information and quicker detecting speed.This review briefly introduces the characteristics and application of CT genotyping methods.