广西玉林市261例麻疹流行病学和临床特点分析

目的分析和总结2013—2014年本院收治的广西壮族自治区玉林市麻疹患儿的流行病学和临床特点。方法对2013年3月—2014年7月我院收治的麻疹患儿261例的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2013—2014年玉林市麻疹发病人数增多,发病高峰季节为5月,其次为4月和6月;1岁以内婴儿发病占大多数,0~8月龄婴儿发病比例最高;大多数患儿未进行预防接种或发病前曾有就诊史。患儿均有麻疹的典型表现,肺炎是最常见合并症,严重合并症为重症肺炎及心肌炎。死亡病例均合并重症肺炎或心肌炎。结论年龄小于8月龄婴儿的麻疹发病率增高,因此接种月龄应提前,并且加强对大于8月龄婴幼儿的预防接种。2013—2014年麻疹发病人数增多,症状典型,合并症重,须引起临床重视。

Epidemiological and clinical features of 261 patients with measles in Yulin,Guangxi Zhang Autonomous Region

Objective To analyze and summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with measles in Yulin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between 2013-2014. Methods The data of 261 measles patients treated in our hospital from Mar. 2013 to Jul. 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The number of measles patients increased between 2013-2014 and measles mostly occurred in May, then in April and June. The patients aged less than 1 year old accounted for the majority, especially those of 0-8 months old. Most of the patients failed to be given measles vaccine or had clinic visit before the onset of measles. All the patients had typical manifestations of measles. Pneumonia was one of the most common complications, and severe pneumonia and myocarditis were the severe complications. The deaths were complicated by severe pneumonia or myocarditis. Conclusions The morbidity of measles increases in babies aged less then 8 months old, so it is suggested that vaccination should be given to those younger than the designated age of vaccination. Meanwhile, vaccination should be strengthened for those older than 8 months old. The number of measles patients increases between 2013-2014, and the patients have typical manifestations and severe complications, which should be paid much attention to in clinical practice.