Endothelium-derived vasoactive factors and regulation of vascular tone in human blood vessels |
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Authors: | Lscher Thomas F |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Department of Research (Laboratory of Vascular Physiology), University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland |
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Abstract: | The endothelium releases a variety of factors which can affect vascular tone. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor or nitric
oxide is a very potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet function. Its release has been demonstrated in a variety of human
blood vessels. In most human vascular preparations, prostacyclin does not significantly contribute to the endothelium-dependènt
relaxations. Prostacyclin is, however, an endothelium-derived product which can evoke vasodilation and inhibition of platelet
aggregation. In addition, the endothelium of human veins can release endothelium-derived contracting factors produced by the
cyclooxygenase pathway. Endothelin is an endothelium-derived vasoactive peptide which has profound vasoconstrictor properties
in human arteries and particularly in veins. Its action can only be partially inhibited by calcium antagonists, while endothelium-derived
nitric oxide and exogenous nitrovasodilators are effective antagonists of the peptide. The mechanisms and amounts of endothelin
released in human blood vessels remains to be defined. Under physiological conditions, endothelium-derived relaxing factors
appear to dominate. The release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide is reduced in atherosclerotic human arteries. This indicates
that in cardiovascular disease endothelial dysfunction occurs; this may contribute in the pathogenesis of coronary artery
disease, pulmonary hypertension and stroke. |
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Keywords: | Endothelium-derived nitric oxide Prostacyclin Endothelium-derived contracting factors Endothelin |
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