妊娠期补充微量元素及维生素对妊娠高血压疾病的预防作用

目的探讨孕妇妊娠期补充微量元素(铁和锌)及维生素(叶酸和维生素D)对妊娠高血压疾病的预防作用。方法以2014年1月到2016年3月期间在海南省三亚市妇幼保健医院妇产科就诊经医学检查确认怀孕的768例育龄期女性为研究对象,随机平均分为A、B、C三组,其中A组补充适量的维生素(包括叶酸和维生素D)和微量元素(包括铁和锌);B组补充适量铁和锌两种微量元素,而不补充维生素;C组既不补充维生素也不补充微量元素。考察在经过补充微量元素和维生素后,三组血中铁、锌含量,叶酸及维生素含量,24小时动态血压指标和妊娠高血压发病率上的差异。结果 A、B组血液中的铁、锌含量较C组有明显提高;通过口服补充维生素,A组血液中的叶酸和维生素D含量较B、C两组有明显提高。经24小时动态血压检测比较发现,A、B、C三组在收缩压和舒张压存在显著差异,三组在妊娠高血压总发病率、1级高血压发病率和2级高血压发病率比较上也存在显著差异,C组B组A组,差异均有统计学意义。结论孕妇妊娠期补充微量元素(铁和锌)和维生素(叶酸和维生素D)相比不补充的孕妇,妊娠高血压综合征的发生率明显下降,妊娠期补充微量元素(铁和锌)和维生素(叶酸和维生素D)对预防妊娠高血压疾病具有一定的作用。

Preventive effect of trace element and vitamin supplementation in pregnancy induced hypertension

Objective To explore the effect of trace element and vitamin supplementation in the prevention of pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders.Methods A total of 768 pregnant women admitted to our center from January 2014 to March 2016 were included.According to composition of the supplements,pregnant women were divided into group A (multiple vitamins),group B (trace elements),or group C (no supplementation).Blood iron,zinc,folic acid,and selected vitamins,and the difference of 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure index were measured.Results Blood iron and zinc levels in group A and group B were higher than group C;blood folate acid and vitamin D levels in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly different among the three groups.The incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension,grade 1 hypertension,and grade 2 hypertension was significantly higher in group C than in group A and group B.Conclusion Supplementation with trace elements (iron and zinc) and vitamins (folic acid and vitamin D) in pregnant women was associated with reduced incidence of pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders.