农村贫困地区学龄儿童的食物摄入情况分析

目的了解我国农村贫困地区学龄儿童对各类食物的摄入情况。方法采用食物频率调查问卷(FFQ),在分布于青海、甘肃、河北、河南、黑龙江的31所农村小学校,对1~6年级学龄儿童进行食物摄入频率调查,利用评分法分析食物摄入结构类型。结果农村贫困地区学龄儿童对植物类食物(谷类、蔬菜、水果)摄入频率较高,对动物类食品摄入频率低,10.7%的儿童"基本不吃"畜禽肉类;留守儿童对畜禽肉类的摄入高于非留守儿童(P0.05);对于食物摄入情况,被调查儿童属于均衡型者占67.2%,动物性食物摄入少型占14.9%,蔬菜水果摄入低型占6.3%,59.9%被调查的儿童可归为零食饮料型。河北、青海两地被调查儿童对动物性食物和蔬菜水果类食物的摄入频率低。农村学龄儿童的零食摄入频率高,种类多,学龄儿童经常喝饮料、吃零食的分别占54.7%、63.1%,对方便面、乳饮料尤为偏好。1~2年级学生的食物摄入结构最差,肉类、蔬菜水果类食物摄入不足,零食饮料的摄入多。结论农村贫困地区的学龄儿童以植物类食物为主型,肉蛋奶类食物摄入不足,特别是畜禽肉类摄入不理想,尤以低年级小学生为甚;同时,农村儿童对零食、饮料低营养价值的食品摄入反而较多。建议在对贫困地区儿童的精准扶贫的过程中,既要增加儿童蛋白质类食物的帮扶供给;也要整顿农村地区包装小零食食品市场,减少不健康食品的流入。

Analysis for food intake among school-aged children in poor rural areas

Objective To explore food intake among school-aged children from poor rural areas of China.MethodsThirty-one rural primary school from one to six grade were investigated using the self-design questionnaire.5 provinces including Qinghai, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hei longjiang were included.Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the frequency of different food intake and scores were used to measure food consumption.ResultsDietary pattern of the children in the study area was high frequency of plant-based foods (grains, vegetables, fruits), and low frequency of intake of animal foods.10.7% of children "rarely intake" meat;Frequency of meat intake in left-behind children was higher than the children cared by parents (P<0.05);67.2% children were the Balance food consumption pattern, 14.9% of them were Low-animal food type, 6.3% of them were Lack of Fruits and Vegetables type.59.9% of investigated children can be classified into High-Snacks & Drinks type.Children from Hebei and Qinghai provinces had low intakes of animal foods, vegetable and fruit foods.The frequency and type of snacks and beverage intake were high among the rural area school children.54.7% and 63.1% of school children often drink and eat snacks respectively.Instant noodles and milk drinks were their favorite.The food intake structure of first and second grade was the worst, with less than enough the intake of meat, vegetables and fruits and more snacks and drinks.ConclusionSchool-aged children in poor rural areas mainly adopted plant-based foods intake pattern, dairy, meat and egg intake was insufficient, especially lack of poultry meat intake among first and second grade.At the same time, rural children more likely to intake snacks and drinks, which had low nutritional value.In process of precisely reducing poverty in children in poor areas, Increase high-protein food supply and decrease snack and drinks marked supply were both recommended.