某部军人人格特征及其与焦虑和抑郁情绪的关系

目的了解某部队执行特殊任务军人的人格特征及其与焦虑、抑郁情绪的关系 ,为心理教育提供依据。方法应用艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)和抑郁自评量表 (SDS)对 2 1 1名该部军人进行心理测查。结果 (1 )该部军人内向及倾向内向者所占比例 (1 0 %、1 0 % )明显高于军人常模 (3.7%、5 .9% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,外向类型者比例 (1 1 .4 % )明显低于军人常模(1 9.7% ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,中间类型及倾向外向者比例与军人常模无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。情绪稳定类型者比例 (1 1 .8% )明显少于军人常模 (1 9.8% ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,其他情绪稳定度分布与军人常模无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )该部军人各气质类型间SAS、SDS评分具有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,SAS评分次序为 :胆汁质 >抑郁质 >中间类型 >粘液质 >多血质 ,SDS评分次序为 :抑郁质 >胆汁质>粘液质 >中间类型 >多血质。 (3)该部军人SAS、SDS分与EPQ -N维度的相关系数分别为0 .4 5 7、0 .4 1 2 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论该部军人在性格内外向及稳定度分布上与军人常模有区别 ,个体焦虑、抑郁情绪受人格特征影响 ,抑郁质、胆汁质较粘液质、多血质类型军人更容易产生负性情绪。

PERSONALITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION OF SOLDIERS IN AN ARMY

Objective To investigate the personality and its relationship with psychological anxiety and depression of PLA soldiers in an army, so as to provide the basis for psychological education. Methods Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to test 211 male soldiers. Results (1) The proportions of introversion, tendentious introversion of soldiers in an army (10%,10% respectively) were higher than those of military norm (3.7%,5.9%,P<0.05); the proportion of extroversion of soldiers (11.4%) was lower than that of norm(19.7%,P<0.01);those of intermediate, temdentious extroversion were not significantly different from the norm;the proportion of emotional stability in soldiers (11.8%) was lower than that in norm (19.8%,P<0.01); the distribution of other types of emotional stability was not different from that of norm. (2) The scores of SAS and SDS were significantly different among types of temperament,in the order for SAS:choleric >melancholic >intermediate> phlegmatic > sanguine,for SDS:melancholic > choleric > phlegmatic > intermediate > sanguine. (3) The correlation coefficients (r) of SAS,SDS scores with EPQ-N were 0.457,0.412 respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion The proportions of introversion, extroversion and emotional stability in tested soldiers were different from those in the norm.Psychological anxiety and depression are affected by the personality. Soldiers with melancholic or chleric temperamemt have higher tendency to arise negative moods.