血液透析患者感染因素分析

目的探讨尿毒症患者血液透析(血透)引起感染的危险因素和预防措施。方法171例血透患者,对其24例发生感染者的年龄、贫血、血浆白蛋白值、侵袭性治疗、感染部位和发生时间及细菌学检查分析。结果年龄超过60岁、血红蛋白低于60 g/L、血浆白蛋白低于30 g/L的血透患者,其感染率明显增加。左心衰者易出现肺感染,低蛋白血症者易出现动静脉吻合口处感染,静脉导管出口处感染与保留导管时间明显相关。结论血透患者发生感染与医疗行为有相关因素,积极控制易患因素能有效减少感染。

Risk Factors of Infection in Haemodialysis Patients

Objective To explore the risk factors and preventive measures of hospital infection in haemodialysis(HD) patients.Methods There were 24 patients occurring hospital infection among 171 patients with HD.The factors,including the age,anemia,serum albumin,invasive treatment,the anatomic area and the time of infection,and the results of bacteria culture,were collected and evaluated at the same time.Results The infectious rate increased evidently when there was one of the factors: over 60 years;haemoglobin less than 60 g/L;serum albumin less than 30 g/L.The patients with left-heart-failure were apt to occurrent pulmonary infections.The patients with low serum albumin were prone to the infection of arteriovenous anastomostic stoma.The infectious rate of the outlet of the vein catheter was obviously correlated with the time of preserving tube.Conclusions The hospital infection in HD patients is obviously correlated with the hospital behaviors.Susceptible factors should be paid more attentions to effectively prevent infection among HD patients.