Conversion factors for laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura |
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Authors: | F J Brody E G Chekan T N Pappas W S Eubanks |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Background: Since 1994, 27 patients at our institution have undergone laparoscopic splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).
Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 22 of these patients. We sought to identify factors that precluded successful laparoscopic
splenectomy in the remaining 5 patients.
Methods: Retrospective review of 27 patients with ITP undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy was performed at Duke University Medical
Center from August, 1994 to September, 1997.
Results: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in 16 women and 11 men with a mean age of 47.2 years. Five (18%) of these procedures
were converted to open splenectomy. There was no significant difference in age, ASA score, gender, weight, height, or splenic
size between the converted and laparoscopic groups. However, preoperative and postoperative platelet counts were significantly
higher in the laparoscopic group than in the converted group (p < 0.001). Operative times also were significantly longer for the laparoscopic group than for the converted group (p < 0.001). Adherent adjacent structures, associated comorbidities, and technical errors prohibited laparoscopic completion
in five patients. Technical errors with subsequent bleeding required conversion in two patients. A thickened greater omentum
blanketing the splenic capsule and a densely adherent pancreatic tail extending well into the splenic hilum prevented laparoscopic
completion in two patients. Increased peak airway pressures greater than 60 mmHg after pneumoperitoneum necessitated conversion
in the remaining patient, who had a previous history of pulmonary insufficiency. Regardless of surgical approach, all patients
achieved a therapeutic response after splenectomy. Splenectomies completed laparoscopically resulted in a significantly shorter
length of hospital stay (p < 0.01).
Conclusions: Densely adherent adjacent structures, technical errors, and cardiopulmonary instability may preclude successful completion
of laparoscopic splenectomies. Thorough preoperative evaluation with an emphasis on the cardiopulmonary system may elicit
a cohort of individuals with ITP who are unlikely to undergo laparoscopic splenectomy successfully. This cohort also may include
individuals with preoperative platelet counts less than 35,000 mm−3.
Received: 15 April 1998/Received: 15 January 1999 |
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Keywords: | : Conversion — Immune thrombocytopenic purpura — Laparoscopy — Splenectomy |
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