儿童睡眠呼吸状况调查以及睡眠呼吸障碍相关症状分析

目的调查分析学龄前儿童的睡眠呼吸状况,了解学龄前儿童经常打鼾、睡眠呼吸困难或障碍的发病率。方法对1964名3～7岁儿童父母发送儿童睡眠呼吸情况调查表,收回完整填写的调查表1514份,返回率为77．08％。结果1514名儿童中,睡眠中经常打鼾为93名（6．14％）,不经常打鼾（包括偶尔打鼾和从不打鼾）为1421名（93．86％）。经常打鼾儿童中夜间睡眠呼吸困难或暂停等呼吸障碍症状的发病率为31．2％,显著高于不经常打鼾儿童的1．2％（P〈0．01）。经常打鼾儿童夜间睡眠不稳定的发生率为57．0％,显著高于不经常打鼾儿童的20．1％（P〈0．01）。经常打鼾儿童好动、学习成绩和学习能力差的发生率为64．5％,显著高于不经常打鼾儿童的14．8％（P〈0．01）。结论经常打鼾儿童有较高的呼吸障碍发病率,其日间症状好动以及学习能力和学习成绩较差,夜间较容易出现惊醒和遗尿。

Prevalence of snoring and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in pre-school children

Objective The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of snoring in pre-school children and to evaluate the symptoms and conditions that may be associated with sleeping problems. Methods A parental questionnaire was used to assess the "sleep and wake" behavioral patterns of 1964 pre-school children,3-7 years old. Results The response rate was 77.08% with 1514 replies;1421 of 1964 questionnaires were fully completed,returned,and analyzed.The prevalence of habitual snoring was 6.12%.Habitual snorers,31.2%,had significantly more night time symptoms,such as apnea,difficulty in breathing,nocturnal enuresis and restlessness obviously higher than those of non-habitualsnorers,1.20%(P<0.01) and further more with same ten-(dency) in occurance of unstable sleep.There were also increased prevalent daytime symptoms,such as hyperacti-vity(OR,2.7;CI,1.8 to 3.9;P<0.0001),incompetence of study(OR,1.8;CI,0.5 to 4.2;P<0.01). Conclusions Habitual snoring pre-school children possess higher rate of breathing difficulty,daytime hyperactivity,incompetence of study,and easy to have nocturnal enuresis and restlessness in the night.