Lovesongs and period gene polymorphisms indicate Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira, 1938) as a sibling species of the Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) complex |
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| Authors: | Felipe M Vigoder Alejandra S Araki Luiz GSR Bauzer Nataly A Souza Reginaldo P Brazil Alexandre A Peixoto |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;2. Departamento Académico de Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru;3. Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru;4. Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Gerencia Regional de Salud Lambayeque, Perú Área de Entomología Laboratorio Referencial, Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Peru;5. Área de Entomología, Laboratorio Referencial, Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Peru;6. Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Dirección Regional de Salud Cusco, Peru;7. Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Dirección Sub Regional de Salud Cutervo, Dirección Regional de Salud Cajamarca, Peru;8. Laboratorio Referencial, Dirección Regional de Salud Piura, Peru;9. Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan;10. Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;11. Prometeo, Secretaría Nacional de Educacion Superior, Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENESCYT), Ecuador;1. Unidade de Parasitologia Médica (Grupo de Leishmanioses), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Lisboa, Portugal;2. Global Health and Tropical Medicine, IHMT-UNL, Lisboa, Portugal;3. Unidade de Microbiologia Médica (Grupo de Virologia), IHMT-UNL, Lisboa, Portugal;4. Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal;1. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical Entomology, Novi Sad, Serbia;2. Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Prague, Czech Republic;3. Unite des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Mediterranee Infection), Marseille, France;4. Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic;5. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ecology Division, VERG Laboratory, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey;6. University of Primorska, FAMNIT, Koper, Slovenia;7. Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey;1. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Disease, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil;2. Department of Clinics, Veterinary Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil;3. Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil;4. Department of Clinics, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba (SP), Brazil;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia/INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, CP 2223, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69080-971, Brazil;2. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira 7671, Porto Velho, Rondônia CEP 76812-245, Brazil;3. Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz AMAZÔNIA, Rua Terezina, 476, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas CEP 69-057-070, Brazil;1. Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública-INSP, 19 Poniente y 4ta Norte, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico;2. Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, 06726 México, DF, Mexico;3. Departamento Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico;4. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Ave. Universidad s/n, Apartado Postal 109-F, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico;5. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard del Maestro, s/n, Esquina Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, 88710 Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico;6. Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N° 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | The sand fly Lutzomyia cruzi (Mangabeira, 1938) is implicated as a vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in some areas of Brazil. Lutzomyia cruzi is closely related to Lutzomyia longipalpis s.l. (Lutz and Neiva, 1912) the main Latin American vector of AVL and a species complex. Although females of the two species are identical, the males can be distinguished by differences in the genitalia. Nevertheless, pheromone analysis shows that Lu. cruzi males produce 9-methyl-germacrene-B, which has also been found in a number of Latin American populations of Lu. longipalpis s.l. In addition, analysis of microsatellite loci shows that the level of divergence between Lu. cruzi and Lu. longipalpis s.l. is similar to that observed among the Lu. longipalpis s.l. sibling species. Here we present the lovesongs of Lu. cruzi males which are similar to the Burst-type songs produced by one of the Lu. longipalpis s.l. sibling species. We also present data on the molecular polymorphisms of the period gene of Lu. cruzi that indicate this species as another sibling within the Lu. longipalpis complex. The results highlight the importance of an integrative approach to understand the patterns of genetic and phenotypic divergence among very closely related vector species. |
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