陕南贫困农村幼儿社会情感发展的影响因素

目的对影响陕南贫困农村儿童社会情感发展的可疑因素进行分析,旨在探讨陕南贫困农村幼儿社会情感发展滞后的危险因素,为提高贫困农村儿童早期发展干预策略提供科学依据。方法于2015年4月至10月在陕西省11个国家贫困县开展幼儿社会情感发展的现况调查,采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取12~24月龄幼儿共1330名,以幼儿看护人为调查对象,调查问卷由结构式问卷和幼儿社会情感量表组成,并进行面对面访谈式调查。记录幼儿的社会情感发展现状,分析幼儿社会情感发展的影响因素。结果社会情感发展迟缓的阳性检出率为48.65%。单因素分析显示,在过去的6个月母亲不在家照看幼儿(OR=1.322,95%CI:1.032~1.694)、常给幼儿拿书讲故事(OR=0.482,95%CI:0.259~0.899)及幼儿无贫血(OR=0.774,95%CI:0.618~0.969)3个因素与幼儿社会情感发展有关,具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,在过去6个月里母亲不在家照看的幼儿出现社会情感发展迟缓是无此因素者的1.330倍(95%CI:1.033~1.713,P<0.05),即该因素是幼儿社会情感发展迟缓的危险因素。常给幼儿拿书讲故事和幼儿无贫血两个因素的参数估计值为负数,OR值分别为0.491(95%CI:0.251~0.958,P<0.05)和0.771(95%CI:0.615~0.968,P<0.05),均是防止幼儿社会情感发展迟缓的保护因素。结论陕南贫困农村地区幼儿社会情感问题的发生率较高,母亲在过去6个月不在家照看的幼儿发生社会情感发展迟缓的风险较高,常给幼儿拿书讲故事、幼儿无贫血是其社会情感发展的保护因素,建议全社会要提高对以上因素的重视,积极营造适合幼儿成长的社会文化氛围,降低幼儿社会情感问题的发生。

Influencing factors of socio-emotional development of children in poor rural areas of southern Shaanxi

Objective To explore risk factors of socio-emotional development retardation of poor rural children,so as to provide scientific basis for improving in intervention strategies for early development of those children in poor rural areas.Methods An infant socio-emotional development survey in 11 national poverty counties of southern Shaanxi over a period from April to October,2015 was conducted.In stratified random sampling method,a total of 1330 children aged from 12 to 24 months were selected.The care-givers of the infants were as survey subjects and they were investigated by using a structured questionnaire and infant socio-emotion scale in form of face-to-face interview.The current situation of socio-emotion of the infants was recorded.And multiple factor logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors of retardation in socio-emotion of the children.Results The positive rate of socio-emotional development retardation in infants was 48.6%.In single factor analysis,the mothers having hadn’t stay at home to look after their infants in past 6 months(OR=1.322,95%CI:1.032~1.694),commonly telling stories to the infant from children’s books(OR=0.482,95%CI:0.259~0.899)and children no suffering from anemia(OR=0.774,95%CI:0.618~0.969)were associated to socio-emotional development of the infants,and there were significant significances(all P<0.05).Then these three indexes were included in the logistic stepwise regression equation.The results showed that the incidence of delayed socio-emotional development in those infants who had not been looked after by their mothers was 1.330(95%CI:1.033~1.713,P<0.05)times of that in the infants who had been looked after always by their mothers,which was a risk factor of the infant’s socio-emotional development retardation.The estimated values of the two factors of commonly telling stories to the infant from children’s books and infant no suffering from anemia were both negative numbers[OR=-0.491(95%CI:0.251~0.958,P<0.05)and OR=-0.771(95%CI:0.615~0.968,P<0.05),which were protective factors of infant socio-emotional development retardation.Conclusion The incidence of socio-emotional problems in the infants in southern Shaanxi rural areas is high.Those infants who had not been looked after by their mothers at home have a higher risk of socio-emotional development retardation.Commonly telling stories to the infant by the mother from children’s books and the infant no suffering from anemia are two protective factors of infant’s socio-emotional development.It is advised that the whole society should pay more attentions to the risk factors mentioned above,actively create a social cultural atmosphere where is sutable for healthy grow-up of the children to reduce incidence of infant socio-emotional problems.