傈僳族已婚育龄妇女常见生殖道感染及影响因素调查

目的了解云南省已婚傈僳族育龄妇女常见生殖道感染现状及其影响因素,为制定傈僳族育龄妇女常见生殖道感染防治措施提供建议。方法本研究于2017年7月至2017年9月,在云南省傈僳族较集中的怒江州兰坪县,随机抽取3个乡镇的15~49岁已婚傈僳族妇女600名,进行常见生殖道感染临床与实验室检查,并利用自制问卷进行面对面调查。结果傈僳族已婚育龄妇女常见生殖道感染总患病率为51.33%,患病率最高的为滴虫阴道炎(12.00%),其次为盆腔炎(11.83%)和宫颈炎(11.00%)。单因素分析显示:近1年每周外阴清洗次数、内裤换洗次数不同的妇女,其常见生殖道感染患病率存在组间统计学差异(χ²=6.21,P=0.04;χ²=10.45,P=0.03);内裤在隐蔽地方阴干及用沟渠水清洗外阴的妇女常见生殖道感染患病率均高于其他组(χ²=4.17,P=0.04;χ²=3.75,P=0.03);多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,常见生殖道感染的影响因素有内裤在隐蔽地方阴干(OR=4.71,P=0.04,95%CI:1.00~22.10)、用沟渠水清洗外阴(OR=1.42,P=0.04,95%CI:1.02~1.99);滴虫阴道炎的影响因素有婚姻状况(OR=1.62)、丈夫文化程度(OR=2.08)、近1年内裤换洗次数(OR=1.43)及近3年参加妇科检查情况(OR=1.45)。结论傈僳族已婚育龄妇女常见生殖道感染总体患病率高,以性传播感染为主的滴虫阴道炎最为严重。影响常见生殖道感染的主要因素为妇女外阴及其内裤的清洁卫生状况;滴虫阴道炎还与妇女婚姻状况、丈夫文化程度和主动就医行为有关。傈僳族已婚育龄妇女普遍缺乏生殖道感染相关知识,相关部门应开展预防工作,促进傈僳族妇女建立良好的卫生习惯和健康、就医行为,降低傈僳族妇女常见生殖道感染的患病率。

Prevalence and influencing factors of common reproductive tract infections in rural Lisu ethnic married women of childbearing age

Objective To investigate current situation and influencing factors of reproductive tract infections(RTIs)in married Lisu ethnic women of childbearing age in Yunnan province,so as to provide suggestions for prevention and treatment of common RTIs.Methods From July 2017 to September 2017,a total of 600 married Lisu ethnic women aged 15~49 years from 3 small towns of Lanping County,Nujiang Prefecture,Yunnan Province where Lisu ethnic group lived centrally were randomly selected.Clinical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted for common RTIs,and face-to-face investigation was carried out with a self-made questionnaire.Results The total prevalence rate of common RTIs in Lisu ethnic married women of childbearing age was 51.33%.The incidence rate of trichomonal vaginitis was the highest(12.00%),followed by pelvic inflammatory diseases(11.83%)and cervicitis(11.00%).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the prevalence of common RTIs in the women among different frequencies of cleaning vulva and changing underwear every week in recent one year groups(χ²=6.21,P=0.04;χ²=10.45,P=0.03).The prevalence of common RTIs in women whose underwears were dried in the hidden shades and who clean their vulva with ditch water was higher than that in other groups(χ²=4.17,P=0.04;χ²=3.75,P=0.03).Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of common RTIs were drying underwears in concealed shades(OR=4.71,P=0.04,95%CI:1.00~22.10)and washing the vulva with ditch water(OR=1.42,P=0.04,95%CI:1.02~1.99);the influencing factors of trichomonal vaginitis were marital status(OR=1.62),husband’s educational level(OR=2.08),underwear change frequency in recent one year(OR=1.43)and receiving gynecological examinations in past 3 years(OR=1.45).Conclusions The prevalence rate of common RTIs in Lisu ethnic married women of childbearing age is high,and trichomonas vaginalis infection that is tansmitted through sexal intercourse is the most serious.The main influencing factors of common RTIs are sanitary conditions of the vulva and the underwears.Trichomonal vaginitis is also associated with women’s marital status,husband’s educational level and active medical seeking behavior.Lisu ethnic married women of childbearing age generally lack the knowledge of RTIs.The relevant departments should carry out the prevention work,promote Lisu ethnic women to cultivate good health habits and healthy medical seeking behaviors,so as to reduce the prevalence of common RTIs in Lisu ethnic women.