儿童毛细支气管炎治疗策略

毛细支气管炎是婴幼儿时期最常见的下呼吸道疾病,呼吸道合胞病毒是目前证实的最常见的感染源。许多儿童患病后临床症状轻,多有自限性,不需要特别治疗。少数患儿需要安排门诊或住院处理。不同医院对于疾病的临床实践经验存在差异。包括吸氧、输液等支持疗法是目前主要治疗手段。鼻腔持续正压通气可能对于严重毛细支气管炎患儿有益。支气管扩张剂疗效不肯定,糖皮质激素、白三烯受体拮抗剂、免疫球蛋白、抗病毒等治疗手段仍存在争议。疾病急性阶段推荐使用高渗盐水。

Treatment of childhood bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract disease during the infant period. It is proved that the respiratory tract syncytial virus is the most common source of infection. A lot of children showed little symptom after getting the disease. No particular treatment is needed because of self-restriction. A few of them go to the doctor or stay in the hospital. And there are differences of clinical ex- periences among various hospitals. The most important treatments are oxygen uptake and transfusion. Continuous positive airway pressure in nasal cavity is beneficial for severe infant patient with bronchiolitis. The effect of bronchodilator is uncertain. There are arguments about the treatments of glucocorticoid,LTRA,immune globulin, anti-virus and so on. Hypertonic saline is suggested in the acute period of this disease.