初产妇产后保健和育儿知识现状及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨初产妇产后保健及育儿知识现状,分析其相关影响因素,为后期进行产褥期妇女保健和育儿知识健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对南充市5家医院419例初产妇进行问卷调查。结果:不同年龄组初产妇产后保健和育儿知识存在差异(F=4.703,P=0.003),低年龄组和高年龄组知识得分较低;文化程度对初产妇产后保健和育儿知识也有影响(F=25.664,P=0.000),文化程度较低的初产妇知识得分较低;而其配偶的文化程度也影响着初产妇的产后保健知识(F=24.445,P=0.000),配偶文化程度较低的初产妇对家庭保健知识的掌握程度也较低;不同职业的初产妇产后保健知识掌握也不同,其中医务人员和教师高于其他职业人群(P<0.05);不同户口所在地初产妇产后保健和育儿知识也有所不同,其中城市高于乡镇和农村(P<0.05);不同经济状况对知识的掌握情况也有差异(F=5.111,P=0.000),其中经济收入最低组知识掌握情况最差,收入在5 000⁸ 000元/月组知识得分最高(P<0.05);不同信息来源对产后保健和育儿知识掌握程度也有影响,初产妇信息来源倾向于网络、电视及报刊杂志等(P<0.05)。结论:医务人员应根据初产妇的年龄、文化程度、职业、家庭收入情况及户口所在地和其配偶的文化程度等不同情况,有针对性的开展初产妇对产后保健和育儿知识教育,以促进产妇和婴幼儿身心健康。

Investigation on the status quo and influential factors of postpartum health care and parenting knowledge among primipara

Objective：Explore and discuss the status quo of health-care and parenting knowledge among primipara after childbirth, and analyze the related influential factors in order to provide a scientific basis for the late health education and parenting knowledge of puerperal women. Methods：Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 419 primipara of 5 hospitals in Nanchong. Results ： There are significant differences of primipara from different age groups in mastering postpartum health and parenting knowledge （ F = 4. 703 ,P = 0. 003）. The mastery degrees in the lower age group and the higher age group are low ;different cultural levels of pri- mipara on the postpartum care knowledge are also significantly different（ F = 25. 664,P = 0. 000）. The mastery degree is low as the pri- mipara are of little knowledge ; and their spouses＇ cultural level also affect it （ F = 24.445 ,P = 0. 000）. The mastery degree of the pri- mipara whose spouses have lower cultural degree is low ;the mastery degree of primipara with different careers is also significantly differ- ent. Medical staff and teachers＇ knowledge is higher than other professional groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. Different domicile places of primipara postpartum health care and parenting knowledge are different,and the city is higher than the villages, towns and rural areas （P 〈 0. 05）. Different economic conditions on the mastery of knowledge also show different results （ F = 5.111, P = 0. 000 ）. The lowest income groups on knowledge are the worst, while the knowledge of permanents whose incomes are 5 000 -8 000 yuan,/month are the highest（P 〈0. 05）. Different information sources also have an effect on postpartum heahh care and parenting knowledge. The permanents＇ sources are from network, television, newspapers and magazines, etc （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion：Medical personnel are supposed to carry out the postpartum health care and parenting knowledge education for the primipara based on different ages, cultural levels, occupations, family incomes,domicile places and their spouses＇ degrees of culture in order to promote the physical and mental health for the primipare and infants.