Controlled FiO2 Therapy to Neonates by Oxygenhood in the Absence of Oxygen Analyzer

Background

A study was conducted to evaluate a system of standardizing the oxygen concentration inside the oxygen hood and to develop guidelines for controlled FiO₂ administration by changing size of the hood, lid position on the hood and the oxygen flow rate, without an oxygen analyzer. The effect of low flow rates on carbon dioxide (CO₂) retention was also studied.

Method

A dummy patient and thirty neonates, requiring oxygen to be delivered through head box, constituted the material for the study group. Oxygen content in the head box was measured using a standard oxygen analyzer while the size of head box, flow rate and lid position were changed independently and in combination. The head boxes were tested on a dummy patient. These results were analyzed, and applied to thirty neonates requiring oxygen therapy using a head box.

Result

Volume of headbox had an inverse relation with the oxygen concentration inside the headbox and smaller sized headbox achieved more predictable oxygen concentration at all flow rates. Maximum difference in oxygen concentration by varying the lid position was seen in the large headbox. Keeping the variables constant, oxygen concentration was significantly lower in babies as compared to dummy. No significant CO₂ retention was found at a flow rate of four litres per minute (lpm) in small and three lpm in a medium and large head box respectively, while lower flow rates were associated with CO₂ retention.

Conclusion

It is possible to predict the oxygen concentration inside the head box without the use of oxygen analyzer. Larger head box and higher lid position, results in lower oxygen concentration, at a given oxygen flow rate. Oxygen concentration achieved in babies is lesser than the concentration achieved in a dummy. Flow rates of less than four lpm in small and three lpm in medium and large sized head boxes are associated with CO₂ retention. These results are not applicable to infants weighing less than 2 kg.Key Words: Neonates, Oxygen therapy, Oxygen hood, Oxygen concentration, Oxygen analyzer