脑预适应保护研究进展

卒中是第3位常见的致死原因，给社会和经济带来沉重的负担。针对卒中的治疗多集中在急性期，而卒中恢复期的治疗尚无有效方法。有关药物治疗或无效或存在不良影响，相应的神经保护和大脑修复仍然是主要的尚未实现的医疗需求。近年来，大脑保护自身免受伤害性刺激以及修复内源性修复损伤越来越受关注。其中，对预适应的研究（也被称为诱导耐受性）已产生多种有希望治疗急性颅脑损伤的方法。一方面，预适应可以识别那些被诱导出的内源性保护或再生机制；另一方面，对于那些预期会发生缺血性事件的人群（如接受过脑部手术、短暂性脑缺血发作或蛛网膜下腔出血的患者），预适应可以作为一种治疗手段来诱导出耐受性。

The Progress of Cerebral Preconditioning

Stroke is the third most common cause of death after heart attack and cancer andhas profound negative social and economic effects. Treatments for stroke are more concentratedin the acute period of stroke, and there is no effective method in the recovery period of stroke.Pharmacological treatments are either ineffective or confounded by adverse effects, andneuroprotection and brain repair in patients after acute brain damage are still major unfulfilledmedical needs. Recently, endogenous mechanisms by which the brain protects itself against noxiousstimuli and recovers from damage are being studied. Research on preconditioning, also knownas induced tolerance, has resulted in various promising strategies for the treatment of patientswith acute brain injury. On the one hand, preconditioning can identify endogenous protective orregenerative mechanisms that can be therapeutically induced. On the other hand, preconditioningcould be used as a therapeutic technique by inducing tolerance in individuals in whom ischemicevents are anticipated, such as high-risk surgical cohorts or patients with subarachnoid hemorrhageor transient ischemic attack.