心脏术后呼吸机相关性肺炎100例预防及护理

目的：探讨预防心脏术后呼吸机相关性肺炎的护理方法。方法：通过对200例心脏术后机械通气时间超过48h的患者进行分组护理，2004年1月～12月的100例为对照组，给予常规护理。2005年1月～12月的100例为系统护理组，除常规护理外，给予加强气道管理、基础护理和防止医源感染等系统化护理。结果：对照组发生呼吸机相关性肺炎12例，发病率为12％，死亡3例。系统护理组发生呼吸机相关性肺炎7例，发病率为7％，死亡1例。两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：对心脏术后机械通气时间超过48h的患者给予合理有效的预防护理措施，能降低心脏术后呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率及病死率。

Prevention from ventilator- associated pneumonia after cardiac operation and nursing care of 100 patients

Objective: To explore nursing methods in prevention from ventilator-associated pneumonia after cardiac operation.Methods: Two hundred patients who were treated with mechanical ventilator over 48 h after cardiac operation were divided into control group(n=100) and systematic nursing group(n=100).Routine nursing care was given in control group and management of respiratory tract was additionally strengthened as well as essential nursing care,including systematic nursing care to prevent from nosocomial infection in systematic nursing group.Results: Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 12 patients,the incidence was 12% and 3 patients died in control group;in systematic nursing group,ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 7 patients,the incidence was 7%,one patient died.There was significant difference in the comparison between the two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion: Proper and effective preventive nursing care can decrease the incidence and death rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia,especially for those patients who were treated with mechanical ventilator over 48 h after cardiac operation.