1982-2008泗水县EHF流行病学调查分析

目的了解我县人间疫情及鼠间疫情动态,为EHF的预防提供依据。方法采用个案调查表,恢复期病人血清抗体检测,获得发病率、病死率、人群及年龄分布、季节分布、血清学检测结果;选择有代表性的行政自然村,对其野外和室内进行鼠密度监测、鼠种及鼠带毒调查。结果1982-2008年,全县共发生EHF病例5973例,以20-40岁年龄段较高,男性占68.21%,女性占31.79%,男女之比2.15∶1,职业以农民为主,占96.6%。本病形成春冬两个高峰,春峰高于冬峰。恢复期病人血清抗体检测,阳性率95.2%。室内以褐家鼠为主,其次是小家鼠,野外以大仓鼠为主,其次为黑线姬鼠。野外大仓鼠带毒率最高(11.59%),室内褐家鼠带毒率最高(11.18%),经统计学检验,野外和室内鼠带毒率无统计学意义(x2=0.0026;P>0.05)。结论通过鼠种及鼠带毒调查及该病两个发病高峰,春峰高于冬峰,提示我县流行性出血热是以家鼠型为主的混合型疫区,大仓鼠为野外优势鼠种,褐家鼠为室内优势鼠种,且带毒率高,是本病的主要传染源。

Analysis of EHF epidemiology investigation in Sisui County during 1982 - 2008

Objective To investigate the status of the epidemic and the plague, and to provide basis for the prevention of EHF. Methods adopt case questionary, convalescent serum antibody detection, access to morbidity, mortality, population and age distribution, seasonal distribution, serological test results; select representative villages administration, to carry out the indoor and outdoor rat density monitoring, rats species and rats infected investigation. Results During 1982 - 2008, it was a total of 5973 EHF cases happened in Sishui county , to a higher age group 20 - 40, male accounted for 68.21%, female accounted for 31.79%, male to female ratio was 2. 15： 1, farmer - orented, accounting for 96. 6% . There were two incidence peaks of the disease - spring peak and winter peak , which the spring peak was higher than the winter peak. The positive rate of convalescent serum antibody detection was 95.2%. Rattus norvegicus to the main indcom, followed by Mus musculus ; large hamsters to the main in the field, followed by Apodemus agrarius. The highest rate of large hamsters infected in the field was 11.59%, Rattus norvcgicus infected indoors lifting the highest rate 11.18%, statistical test suggested that field and indoor rat infected rate was no statistical significance （x^2 = 0. 0026, P 〉 0. 05 ） . Conclusion Through the investigation of rat species and rat infected and two incidence peaks of the disease, the spring peak was higher than the winter peak, suggesting that epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Sishui County was mainly hybrid - type epidemic, large hamster as the outdoor dominant species, and Rattus norvegicus as the dominant species indoors and lifting high rate of this disease were the main source of infection.