Flagella are a positive predictor for virulence inLegionella |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Binax, Inc. Portland, 04103, ME, U.S.A.;2. Childhood and Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30333, GA, U.S.A.;1. Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Life Sciences Institute and School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;2. The MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;3. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;4. Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;5. Institute of Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;6. Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China;7. Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China;1. Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent 9000, Belgium;2. Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium;3. Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;1. Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;2. Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;3. Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany;4. Institute of Engineering Design, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;5. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;6. Medical Faculty, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;7. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Pathogenesis of Legionnaires» disease is strictly related to the ability of the legionellae to infect phagocytic cells, yet surface markers of virulence inLegionellaisolates are currently unknown. Rabbit antibodies raised against purified flagella ofLegionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 recognized a total of 24 of 30 laboratory-maintained isolates ofL. pneumophilaserogroups 1–15 and 16 of 24 otherLegionellaspecies tested by rapid immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. All isolates possessing flagella detectable with these anti-flagella antibodies, regardless of species, were capable of infectingHartmannella vermiformis. Isolates lacking immunologic cross-reactivity were shown to lack purifiable flagella. The majority of aflagellate isolates were not motile and failed to multiply intracellularly in co-culture withHartmannella vermiformis. Some isolates characterized as aflagellate when harvested from BCYE agar were able to multiply in amoebae, and flagella were subsequently detectable by immunologic methods. These data suggest that lack of immunologic recognition of flagella in laboratory-maintained isolates ofLegionellais due to their attenuation and a corresponding loss of expression of flagella. More importantly, the presence of flagella can serve as a positive predictive marker for strain virulence and is useful in determining the virulence status ofLegionellaisolates. |
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