Ambient Air Pollution in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Antibody Response,and COVID-19 Disease: A Cohort Study in Catalonia,Spain (COVICAT Study)期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

Ambient Air Pollution in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection,Antibody Response,and COVID-19 Disease: A Cohort Study in Catalonia,Spain (COVICAT Study)

Authors:	Manolis Kogevinas,Gemma Castañ o-Vinyals,Marianna Karachaliou,Ana Espinosa,Rafael de Cid,Judith Garcia-Aymerich,Anna Carreras,Beatriz Corté s,Vanessa Pleguezuelos,Alfons Jimé nez,Marta Vidal,Cristina O’ Callaghan-Gordo,Marta Cirach,Rebeca Santano,Diana Barrios,Laura Puyol,Rocí o Rubio,Luis Izquierdo,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Payam Dadvand,Ruth Aguilar,Gemma Moncunill,Carlota Dobañ o,Cathryn Tonne

Affiliation:	1.Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; 2.CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; 3.Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; 4.Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; 5.Genomes for Life–GCAT laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain; 6.Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain; 7.Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract:	Background: Emerging evidence links ambient air pollution with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, an association that is methodologically challenging to investigate.Objectives: We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution with SARS-CoV-2 infection measured through antibody response, level of antibody response among those infected, and COVID-19 disease.Methods: We contacted 9,605 adult participants from a population-based cohort study in Catalonia between June and November 2020; most participants were between 40 and 65 years of age. We drew blood samples from 4,103 participants and measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against five viral target antigens to establish infection to the virus and levels of antibody response among those infected. We defined COVID-19 disease using self-reported hospital admission, prior positive diagnostic test, or more than three self-reported COVID-19 symptoms after contact with a COVID-19 case. We estimated prepandemic (2018–2019) exposure to fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of $less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers$ ( ${PM}_{2.5}$ )], nitrogen dioxide ( ${NO}_{2}$ ), black carbon (BC), and ozone ( $O_{3}$ ) at the residential address using hybrid land-use regression models. We calculated log-binomial risk ratios (RRs), adjusting for individual- and area-level covariates.Results: Among those tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 743 (18.1%) were seropositive. Air pollution levels were not statistically significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Adjusted RRs per interquartile range were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.18) for ${NO}_{2}$ , 1.04 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.14) for ${PM}_{2.5}$ , 1.00 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.09) for BC, and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.06) for $O_{3}$ . Among infected participants, exposure to ${NO}_{2}$ and ${PM}_{2.5}$ were positively associated with IgG levels for all viral target antigens. Among all participants, 481 (5.0%) had COVID-19 disease. Air pollution levels were associated with COVID-19 disease: adjusted $risk ratios equals 1.14$ (95% CI: 1.00, 1.29) for ${NO}_{2}$ and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.32) for ${PM}_{2.5}$ . Exposure to $O_{3}$ was associated with a slightly decreased risk ( $risk ratio equals 0.92$ ; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.03). Associations of air pollution with COVID-19 disease were more pronounced for severe COVID-19, with $risk ratios equals 1.26$ (95% CI: 0.89, 1.79) for ${NO}_{2}$ and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.16) for ${PM}_{2.5}$ .Discussion: Exposure to air pollution was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 disease and level of antibody response among infected but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9726

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