褥疮影响因素分析及护理对策

目的 通过了解和分析影响褥疮发生的主要因素,提高护理效率,降低褥疮的发生率。 方法 应用非条件Logistic回归分析,对收集到褥疮高发人群相关数据进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 单因素分析显示,年龄、BMI、卧床时间、Braden评分、陪护人员褥疮防护知识知晓情况和康复训练6个因素均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,较低Braden评分具有高度危险作用(OR=9.10)；高龄,肥胖和卧床时间也是褥疮发生的危险因素(OR值分别为0.44,0.38和0.02)；陪护人员褥疮知识知晓情况和参与康复训练具有保护作用(OR值分别为0.13和0.14)。多因素分析显示,影响褥疮发生的主要因素包括：康复训练、Braden评分、年龄和BMI4个因素,其中康复训练的具有较高保护作用。 结论 褥疮发生的主要影响因素是Braden评分和康复训练,加强对高龄和肥胖等高发人群的护理能有效减低褥疮的总体发生率。

Analysis of influencing factors of pressure ulcers andnursing strategies

Objective To analyze the key prevalence factors of pressure ulcers to improve nursing efficiency and reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers. Methods The simple and multiple unconditional logistic regression were applied to analyze related data of population at high risk of pressure ulcers.Results The results of simple logistic regression nanlysis showed that the effects of six factors to pressure ulcers were significant(all P value were less than 0.05) including age,BMI,bed rest time,Braden scores,accompanying persons of awareness degree of bedsore knowledges and rehabilitation training.Among of the factors above,low Braden scores was of high risk(OR=9.10);senility, fatness and bed rest time were also risk factors(OR values were 0.44,0.38 and 0.02,respectively).On the contrary,accompanying persons of awareness degree of bedsore knowledges and rehabilitation training were two protection factors(OR values were 0.13 and 0.14,respectively).Multivariate analysis suggested that four factors including age,BMI,Braden scores and rehabilitation training were determined to be the main influencing factors of pressure ulcers.Conclusions The Braden scores and rehabilitation training were the main influencing factors.The overall incidence of pressure ulcers should be reduced by nursing better for elderly and fat patients.