合成油的营养评价 (一)合成油饲料对正常大鼠的生长、血脂水平、肝脂与体脂脂肪酸组成的影响

本文研究了由石油副产品尿素蜡中提炼出辛酸(8:0)和癸酸(10:0),酯化后作为日常食用油的可能性。 (1)用含12％不同油酯(合成油,豆汕,不同比例配合的合成油与豆油,和奇数碳脂肪酸的合成油等)的饲料,分别饲养断乳大鼠12周,每组16只大鼠,雌雄各半,观察其生长、脏体比、血脂与肝脂水平、肝脂与体脂的脂肪酸组成、和体脂碘价的改变。 (2)用12％合成油饲料喂养大鼠的12周内,动物生长良好,未见必需脂肪酸缺乏的典型症状。在饲养期的前8周内,各组动物的体重增长近似,在后4周内,凡掺有含偶数碳脂肪酸的合成油饲料组动物,其体重增加值皆显著较少。 (3)合成油饲料和豆油饲料比较,对大鼠血清胆固醇水平无影响,但显著使血清甘油三酯含量增高。 (4)合成油饲料不影响动物的体成分(水份、蛋白质、脂肪),其体脂含量较豆油饲料组的略低(0.05

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF SYNTHETIC OIL Ⅰ.Effect of Using Synthetic Oil as Dietary Source of Fat on Growth,Blood Cholesterol,Carcass Composition and Fatty Acids Composition of Liver and Body Fat of Growing Rats

Medium chain fatty acids, C8-C11, were obtained from the byproducts of petroleum and then esterified with natural or synthetic glyceroi to form four kinds of synthetic oil. Different experimental diets were prepared by using these synthetic oils as dietary sources of fat. These diets, together with a low fat basal diet and a soybean oil diet, were fed respectively to 7 groups of weanling rats. Body weights and serum cholesterol were measured during 12 weeks of feeding. At the end of this period, the animals were sacrified, and organ weights, carcass composition, liver fat and the fatty acids composition of the liver and body fat were determined.Data showed that all rats grew normally during the whole feeding period. No typical deficiency symptoms of essential fatty acids were observed. The body weight gains of the groups fed with those diets containing even medium chain fatty acids were significantly lower than that of the control (soybean oil) group during the last 4 weeks.No significant difference were observed on serum cholesterol levels and the carcass compositions (including moisture, fat and protein content) between the rats of different groups. However, the serum triglyceride levels and the liver weights were significantly higher, and the liver fats, the essential fatty acids content (% EFA) of liver and body fat, and also the iodine value of the body fat were significantly lower in those groups fed with the synthetic oil diets. Incorporation of one-third soybean oil into the synthetic oil will bring the essential fatty acids composition of lipids and the iodine value of body fat to the normal level.In view of the above results, it seems that synthetic oil should not be used as the sole source of dietary fat. A certain amount of vegetable oil should be added to it in order to provide enough dietary essential fattyacids.The effects of synthetic oil diets on liver weights and serum trigly-cerides were discussed.