不同类型特发性室性心动过速的临床特点及射频消融治疗

目的 回顾性分析不同类型特发性室性心动过速(IVT)患者的临床特点及射频消融治疗情况.方法 165例IVT病人,根据心电图特征,采用心脏内"起源处"分类方法,其中右室流出道IVT 86例,平均年龄[36±12(18～56)]岁,男26例,女60例.左室间隔IVT 75例,平均年龄[26±15(16～45)]岁,男54例,女21例.左冠窦IVT 4例,年龄分别为(22、40、45、70)岁,男2例,女2例.所有病人均接受导管射频消融手术治疗.结果 右室流出道IVT男:女=1:2.3;左室间隔IVT男:女=2.6:1.左室间隔IVT发病年龄较右室流出道IVT更为年青(P＜0.01).IVT发作时心电图形态:右室流出道IVT均为左束支阻滞图形,30例主要表现为频发短阵IVT;左室间隔IVT均为右束支阻滞图形,多表现为持续性IVT,仅4例表现为频发短阵IVT;左冠窦IVT均为不典型束支阻滞图形,额面电轴向下,3例于V3过渡为"R",1例于V2过渡为"R",表现为频发室性早搏和短阵IVT.右室流出道IVT均为起搏标测消融,治疗成功率100%,4例复发,再次消融成功;左室间隔IVT以激动标测时最早的P电位为消融靶点,治疗成功率95%,5例复发,3例再次消融成功,2例拒绝再次手术;左冠窦IVT均为起搏标测消融成功.结论 IVT主要见于青壮年.右室流出道IVT多见于女性,而左室间隔IVT多见于男性.射频消融治疗是根治IVT的有效方法.左室间隔IVT常为持续性,主要在激动标测时消融;而右室流出道IVT和左冠窦IVT多表现为频发短阵IVT和室性早搏,多采用起搏标测消融.左冠窦IVT相对较为少见,当IVT呈不典型束支阻滞图形,特别是胸前导联R波在V2、V3迅速过渡时,应考虑左冠窦IVT的可能.

Clinical features of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of various types and their radiofrequency ablation therapy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (IVT) and evaluate the effect of radiofrequency ablation therapy for their management. METHODS: An retrospective analysis was conducted in 165 IVT patients who received radiofrequency ablation therapy. IVT was classified into 3 types according to the site of origin, namely the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT-IVT, 86 cases), left ventricular septum (LV-IVT, 75 cases), and left Valsalva sinus (4 cases). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RVOT-IVT was more frequent in female patients than in male patients (60 vs 26, M/F ratio of 0.43). In LV-IVT, male patients prevailed (54 vs 21, M/F ratio of 2.57), suggesting a gender difference in the incidence of IVT. IVT occurred mainly in young and middle-age patients. Most RVOT-IVT occurred in the third to fourth decade of life (mean 36-/+12 years), and LV-IVT occurred at a younger age than did RVOT-IVT (mean 26-/+15 years, P<0.01). Twelve-lead ECGs revealed left bundle branch block morphology in RVOT-IVT, and most of them presented with frequent premature ventricular contraction and/or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. All the RVOT-IVT patients were successfully ablated by radiofrequency energy in pace mapping. LV-IVT patients with right bundle branch block morphology presented sustained ventricular tachycardia for most of the time, and 97% of the patients were successfully managed with radiofrequency ablation in activation mapping. Four IVT patients were characterized by atypical bundle branch block, an inferior axis, and an R/S ratio >1 in lead V3 or V2, and their tachycardia was ablated successfully in the left sinus of Valsalva using pace mapping. Radiofrequency ablation is currently an effective procedure for IVT management.