Effects of cilostazol on cognition and regional cerebral blood flow in patients with Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease: A pilot study

Aim: It remains unknown whether antiplatelet agents have a preventive effect on cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effects of cilostazol, an antiplatelet agent and cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, on cognition and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in elderly patients with AD and cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A total of 20 patients with AD and CVD were randomly assigned to a cilostazol group (n = 11, 100 mg daily) or control group (n = 9, aspirin 100 mg or clopidogrel 50 mg–75 mg daily) for 6 months. Results: The cilostazol group did not show any statistically significant changes in cognitive function test scores, whereas the control group showed statistically significant cognitive decline on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale (Japanese version), Revised Wechsler Memory Scale (logical memory‐I) and Trail Making Test‐A. Analysis of covariance of treatment effect revealed that the cilostazol group showed increased rCBF in the right anterior cingulate lobe compared with baseline, whereas the control group showed decreased rCBF in the left middle temporal gyrus compared with baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cilostazol might have a preventive effect on cognitive decline in patients with AD and CVD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 90–97 .