五指山地区儿童肺炎支原体感染流行特点及与气候因素相关性研究

目的探讨五指山地区儿童急性呼吸道肺炎支原体(MP)感染流行特点及与气候因素的关系。方法检测2015年1月至2016年12月门诊和住院的1597例呼吸道感染患儿血清肺炎支原体特异性IgM(MP-IgM),同时收集同期的气象资料,采用多元线性回归分析研究MP-IgM检出率与气候因素的相关性。结果MP-IgM总检出率为25.05%;0~1岁、~3岁、~6岁、>6岁患儿的MP-IgM阳性率分别为6.70%、30.80%、36.90%和43.40%;男性27.54%,女性阳性率21.78%;春、夏、秋、冬四季阳性率分别为22.95%、35.91%、28.89%和17.07%;以上年龄、性别、季节的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。月平均气温、月总雨量与MP-IgM检出率呈正相关(P=0.001)。结论MP为五指山地区儿童呼吸道感染主要病原体之一,学龄前儿童及学龄期儿童为易感人群,不同季节MP感染率不同,夏秋季节为高发期,高气温、高雨量是促进MP感染流行的主要气候因素。

Epidemiological characteristics of childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and its correlation with meteorological factors in Wuzhishan area,China

To study the epidemiology characteristics of acute respiratory tract Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children and its relationship with meteorological factors in Wuzhishan area. Total of 1 597 pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections were enrolled in our study. Patients were treated in the inpatient and outpatient department from January 2015 to December 2016. Their serum of Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody Ig (MP-Ig) levels were measured, and monthly meteorological conditions collected. The relationship between MP-Ig detection rates and meteorological conditions were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The result showed that the total detection rate of MP-Ig was 25.05% with positive rates 6.70%, 30.80%, 36.90% and 43.40% among children aged 0-1 years old, 1-3 years old, 3-6 years old and >6 years-old, respectively (P<0.01). The positivity rate among males was significantly higher than females (27.54% vs 21.78%, P<0.01). The positive rate in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 22.95%, 35.91%, 28.89% and 17.07%, respectively, (P<0.01). The monthly mean air temperature and monthly total rainfall were positively correlated with the MP-Ig detection rate (P=0.001). In conclusion, MP is one of the main pathogens of respiratory tract infections in children, for preschool and school-age children at high risk in the population. MP infection rates differ depending upon the season: infection rates are higher in summer and autumn. High temperatures and total monthly rainfall are the main meteorological factors that affect MP’s prevalence.