人类免疫缺陷病毒-1相关神经认知障碍危险因素研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染人体外周血的同时入侵中枢神经系统（CNS），可以引发HIV-1相关神经认知障碍（HAND），主要表现为注意力不集中、感情淡漠和记忆障碍，导致患者日常工作生活不便。根据神经认知功能受损程度，HAND分为无症状性神经认知损害（ANI）、轻度神经认知紊乱（MND）和HIV相关痴呆症（HAD）3种类型。HAND目前已经成为AIDS患者重要的中枢神经系统并发症，AIDS患者进行联合抗逆转录病毒治疗（cART），病毒复制受到抑制，并发严重HIV相关痴呆者显著减少，生存期延长。目前HAND发病机制尚未明确，相关危险因素也需要进一步探索。本文对HAND相关危险因素的研究进展进行综述，为HAND诊断和发病机制研究提供新思路。

Progress on the risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 associated neurocognitive disorder

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects human peripheral blood, which also invade the central nervous system (CNS) and trigger HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), mainly manifested in inattention, feelings indifferent and memory disorders, which could lead to inconvenience for daily work and life of patients. According to the degree of neurocognitive impairment, HAND is divided into three types: asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) and HIV-associated dementia (HAD). HAND has become an essential chronic central nervous system complication of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Patients with AIDS have undergone combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). After the inhibition of systemic viral replication, the number of patients complicated with severe HIV-related dementia decreased significantly, and with prolongation of survival period. At present, the pathogenesis of HAND is not clear, and the related risk factors need to be furtherly explored. In this paper, the research progress of risk factors related to HAND is reviewed, which provides a new idea for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of HAND.