基于知识图谱的国内医学教育形成性评价研究现状与热点分析

目的　通过文献计量学方法，深入归纳和分析我国医学教学评价改革中形成性评价研究和实践的现状、热点、相关问题和发展趋势，为形成性评价研究的深入提供量化参考依据。方法　以中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）收录的567篇形成性评价主题文献为研究对象，运用关键词共现分析技术，采用Bicomb共词分析软件和SPSS软件统计分析，绘制形成性评价研究热点知识图谱。结果　形成性评价研究知识图谱可划分为7个领域：领域1表示研究主要集中在应用实践，研究效果的评价以对学生自主学习能力的提高最为关注，中医药院校研究比重提高，临床教学占有重要地位，护理专业教育愈发重视；领域2和领域4展现教学评价改革与教学内容、教学策略改革同步；领域3呈现高职高专教学评价研究的概况；领域5表明探索构建形成性评价体系的主题；领域6说明考试与评价的异与同；领域7为医学英语类课程的研究概况。结论　未来需要积极开展符合我国国情的形成性评价体系的探索与构建，重视共享平台建设；避免低水平重复研究；重视评价理论内涵的学习和理解；加强培训和监督管理。

The domestic hotspots research of formative assessment based on the knowledge map analysis

Objective To summarize and analyze the present situation, hotspot and development trend of the research and practice about the formative assessment in Chinese medical teaching reform by bibliometrics, and provide a quantitative method for the study of formative assessment. Methods We took 567 journals about formative assessment from CNKI database as the research object, making co-word clus-tering and multidimensional scaling analysis as the main research method, and using Bicomb co-word anal-ysis software and SPSS to complete content data statistics and analysis. Result The knowledge map of formative assessment research can be divided into 7 fields: field 1 shows that most studies are mainly focused on practical research, the effectiveness evaluation on application are mainly focused on the improve-ment of students'' independent learning ability. The proportion of research in traditional Chinese medicine colleges or universities is increasing, researches of clinical teaching take an important position, and nursing educations are paying more attention as well. Field 2 and field 4 show the synchronization between assess-ment reform and teaching content/strategy reform. Field 3 presents the general situation of teaching evaluation research in higher vocational colleges. Field 5 shows the theme of exploring the establishment of a formative assessment system. Field 6 shows the differences and similarities between examination and assessment. Field 7 shows the overview of medical English courses. Conclusion In the future, we should actively carry out the construction and exploration of the formative assessment system that conforms to China''s national conditions, and attach importance to the construction of the sharing platform. We should avoid duplication of research, attach importance to the study and understanding of theoretical connotation and strengthen training, supervision and management.